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Physical Review A

Lifetime of the 7s6d D12 atomic state of radium

William L. Trimble, Ibrahim Sulai, Irshad Ahmad, K. Bailey, B. Graner, J. P. Greene, Roy J. Holt, W. Korsch, Zheng‐Tian Lu, Peter Mueller, Thomas P. O’Connor

Published Nov 10, 2009• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The lifetime of the $7s6d$ ${^{1}D}_{2}$ state of atomic radium is determined to be $385(45)\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$ using cold $^{226}\text{R}\text{a}$ atoms prepared in a magneto-optical trap. The ${^{1}D}_{2}$ state is populated from the decay of the ${^{1}P}_{1}$ state which is excited by a pulse of 483 nm light. The decay of the ${^{1}D}_{2}$ state is observed by detecting delayed fluorescence at 714 nm from the last step in the decay sequence ${^{1}P}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{1}D}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{3}P}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{1}S}_{0}$. The measured lifetime is compared to a number of theoretical calculations. An improved value of the $7s7p$ ${^{1}P}_{1}$ level of $20\text{ }715.598(6)\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.054501

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The lifetime of the 7s6d7s6d7s6d 1D2{^{1}D}_{2}1D2​ state of atomic radium is determined to be 385(45) \ensuremathμs385(45)\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}385(45) \ensuremathμs using cold 226Ra^{226}\text{R}\text{a}226Ra atoms prepared in a magneto-optical trap. The 1D2{^{1}D}_{2}1D2​ state is populated from the decay of the 1P1{^{1}P}_{1}1P1​ state which is excited by a pulse of 483 nm light. The decay of the 1D2{^{1}D}_{2}1D2​ state is observed by detecting delayed fluorescence at 714 nm from the last step in the decay sequence 1P1\ensuremath-1D2\ensuremath-3P1\ensuremath-1S0{^{1}P}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{1}D}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{3}P}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{^{1}S}_{0}1P1​\ensuremath-1D2​\ensuremath-3P1​\ensuremath-1S0​. The measured lifetime is compared to a number of theoretical calculations. An improved value of the 7s7p7s7p7s7p 1P1{^{1}P}_{1}1P1​ level of 20 715.598(6) cm\ensuremath−120\text{ }715.598(6)\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}20 715.598(6) cm\ensuremath−1 is obtained.
We present a lifetime measurement of the 6s6s6s level of rubidium. We use a time-correlated single-photon counting technique on two different samples of rubidium atoms, a vapor cell with variable rubidium density, and a sample of atoms confined and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The 5P1∕25{P}_{1∕2}5P1∕2​ level serves as the resonant intermediate step for the two-step excitation to the 6s6s6s level. We detect the decay of the 6s6s6s level through the cascade fluorescence of the 5P3∕25{P}_{3∕2}5P3∕2​ level at 780 nm. The two samples have different systematic effects, but we obtain consistent results that averaged give a lifetime of $45.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.
The radiative lifetime of the 21P12^{1}P_{1}21P1​ and 31P13^{1}P_{1}31P1​ state of atomic helium has been measured by the level-crossing technique. In the experiment, a beam of 21S02^{1}S_{0}21S0​ metastable atoms was first produced and then excited to the 21P12^{1}P_{1}21P1​ or 31P13^{1}P_{1}31P1​ state with resonance radiation. The lifetimes were measured by observing the zero-field level-crossing signals in the detected 584- or 537-\AA{} fluorescent radiation when these 1P1^{1}P_{1}1P1​ states decayed to the 11S01^{1}S_{0}11S0​ ground state. The results are $\ensuremath{\tau} (2^{1}P_{1})=(5.57\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ sec and $\ensuremath{\tau} (3^{1}P_{1})=(1.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ sec. These values are in excellent agreement with theory.
We present lifetime measurements of the 5D3∕25{D}_{3∕2}5D3∕2​ and 5D5∕25{D}_{5∕2}5D5∕2​ states of rubidium using the time-correlated single-photon-counting method. We perform the experiment in a magneto-optical trap of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms using a two-step excitation with the trap laser at 780nm780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}780nm as the first step. We record the 761.9nm761.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}761.9nm fluorescence from the decay of the 5D3∕25{D}_{3∕2}5D3∕2​ state to the 5P1∕25{P}_{1∕2}5P1∕2​ state, and measure the lifetime of the 5D3∕25{D}_{3∕2}5D3∕2​ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=246.3(1.6)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. We record the 420.2nm420.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}420.2nm fluorescence from the cascade decay of the 5D5∕25{D}_{5∕2}5D5∕2​ state to the 5S1∕25{S}_{1∕2}5S1∕2​ state through the 6P3∕26{P}_{3∕2}6P3∕2​ state, and extract the lifetime of the 5D5∕25{D}_{5∕2}5D5∕2​ state $\ensuremath{\tau}=238.5(2.3)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.
Magneto-optically trapped atoms enable the determination of lifetimes of metastable states and higher lying excited states like the 5d23F25{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}5d23F2​ state in barium. The state is efficiently populated by driving strong transitions from metastable states within the cooling cycle of the barium magneto-optical trap (MOT). The lifetime is inferred from the increase of MOT fluorescence after the transfer of up to 3030%30 of the trapped atoms to this state. The radiative decay of the 5d23F25{d}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}}^{3}{F}_{2}5d23F2​ state cascades to the cooling cycle of the MOT with a probability of 96.0(7)96.0(7)%96.0(7) corresponding to a trap loss of 4.0(7)4.0(7)%4.0(7) and its lifetime is determined to $160(10)\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$. This is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated lifetime of $190\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ [V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, J. Phys. B 40, 227 (2007)]. The determined loss of 4.0(7)4.0(7)%4.0(7) from the cooling cycle is compared with the theoretically calculated branching ratios. This measurement extends the efficacy of trapped atoms to measure lifetimes of higher, long-lived states and validate the atomic structure calculations of heavy multielectron systems.
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