Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum Orders and Collective degrees offreedom in Many-body systems

Rishabh Khare, Supervisor Dr. Siddhartha Lal

Published May 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The anti-ferromagnetic Lieb-Mattis model is investigated in detail. Symmetry breaking, low-lying excitation spectrum and macroscopic quantity like Berry phase are calculated for this model. Superconductivity is studied with respect to the collective modes of negative U Hubbard model and the BCS superconductor. The Integer Quantum Hall is looked into by various ways such as by using the center of mass and orbital center coordinates. The importance of domain wall in a Quantum Hall system is stressed.These systems are particularly chosen as they are prototypical/ archetypal fermionic and spin quantum condensed matter systems. iii

Related papers

Field Theories of Condensed Matter Systems

Eduardo Fradkin

ForewordIntroductionThe Hubbard ModelThe Magnetic Instability of the Fermi SystemOne-Dimensional Quantum AntiferromagnetsSigma Models, Topological Terms and Spin LiquidsThe Spin Liquid StatesChiral Spin States and AnyonsAnyon SuperconductivityTopology and Quantum Hall EffectThe Fractal Quantum Hall Effect

•Jan 1, 2007•1,082 citations

Pair condensation in polarized fermion systems

Yun-Pil Shim

In this thesis we study the spin or pseudospin singlet pair condensation of two different kinds of polarized fermion systems.Using generalized BCS mean-field theories we study how pairing adapts to unequal spin or pseudospin populations.After briefly reviewing the basic physics of superconductivity in Chapter 2, in Chapter 3 the mean-field theory for electron-hole bilayer systems is derived to describe the condensation of excitons which is analogous to the Cooper pair condensation in superconductors.Self-consistent solution of the exciton system gap equation shows that the excitation energy spectrum is qualitatively the same as in superconductors.In Chapter 4 the role of the spin degree of freedom in the bilayer system is investigated by generalizing the two-component mean-field theory developed in Chapter vi 3 to four-component cases.The main consequence is that population polarization leads to ferromagnetism.The interplay between exciton condensation and spontaneous spin-order is the most important consequence of the presence of both spin and pseudospin degrees of freedom in excitonic condensates.In a sense that we explain in this Chapter, both normal and condensed fluids are present in the ferromagnetic excitonic state.Using the Rashba spin-orbit interaction model derived in the appendix, we show that an external electric field can alter the characteristics of the ferromagnetic condensate phase.The spin splitting by the spin-orbit interaction and its different spin state structures lead to qualitatively different magnetic properties for electron and hole layers.In Chapter 5 we turn our attention to a second class of polarized fermion systems that is of great current interest.A fully quantum mechanical treatment of a rotating fermion atom cloud is developed and implicit equations determining the critical temperatures for all center-of-mass Landau level pairings are obtained.In Chapter 6 the condition for the realization of higher center-of-mass Landau level pairing, which corresponds to FFLO state in spin split superconductors, is determined by calculating the critical temperatures for all possible pairing channels.It is shown that FFLO states can be realized in the strong interaction and low rotation frequency regimes in parameter space, where the pairing energy can survive the high polarization.

•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Novel quantum phases, excitations, and transport in low dimensional systems

D. Makogon

The Chapter 2 is devoted to the study of the transport properties of a quantum wire, described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model, in the presence of a backscattering potential provided by several point-like or extended time-dependent impurities (barriers) and find regimes of conductance enhancement. In Chapte 3 we study a set of crossed 1D systems, which are coupled with each other via tunnelling at the crossings. Concentrating on the case of a single crossing, we were able to explain recent experiments on crossed metallic and semiconducting nanotubes, which showed the presence of localized states in the region of crossing. The Chapter 4 treats the effects of disorder and interactions in a quantum Hall ferromagnet. We study the problem by projecting the original fermionic Hamiltonian into magnon states, which behave as bosons in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic ground state. The approach permits the reformulation of a strongly interacting model into a non-interacting one. The latter is a non-perturbative scheme that consists in treating the two-particle neutral excitations of the electron system as a bosonic single-particle. Indeed, the employment of bosonization facilitates the inclusion of disorder in the study of the system. It has been shown previously that disorder may drive a quantum phase transition in the Hall ferromagnet. However, such studies have been either carried out in the framework of the nonlinear sigma model, as an effective low-energy theory, or included the long-range Coulomb interaction in a quantum description only up to the Hartree-Fock level. Here, we establish the occurrence of a disorder-driven quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic 2DEG to a spin glass phase by taking into account interactions between electrons up to the random phase approximation level in a fully quantum description. In the Chapter 5 we derive and discuss an experimentally realistic model describing ultracold atoms in an optical lattice including a commensurate, but staggered, Zeeman field. The resulting band structure is quite exotic; fermions in the third band have an unusual rounded picture-frame Fermi surface (essentially two concentric squircles), leading to imperfect nesting. We develop a generalized theory describing the spin and charge degrees of freedom simultaneously, and show that the system can develop a coupled spin-charge-density wave order. This ordering is absent in studies of the Hubbard model that treat spin and charge density separately.

•Aug 1, 2006•0 citations

Spinor Bose Gases in Cubic Optical lattice

Mohamed Mobarak

In recent years the quantum simulation of condensed-matter physics problems has resulted from ex- citing experimental progress in the realm of ultracold atoms and molecules in optical lattices. In this thesis we analyze theoretically a spinor Bose gas loaded into a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. In order to account for different superfluid phases of spin-1 bosons with a linear Zeeman effect, we work out a Ginzburg-Landau theory for the underlying spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model. To this end we add artificial symmetry- breaking currents to the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian in order to break the global U (1) symmetry. With this we determine a diagrammatic expansion of the grand-canonical free energy up to fourth order in the symmetry-breaking currents and up to the leading non-trivial order in the hopping strength which is of first order. As a cross-check we demonstrate that the resulting grand- canonical free energy allows to recover the mean-field theory. Applying a Legendre transfor- mation to the grand-canonical free energy, where the symmetry-breaking currents are transformed to order parameters, we obtain the effective Ginzburg-Landau action. With this we calculate in detail at zero temperature the Mott insulator-superfluid quantum phase boundary as well as condensate and particle number density in the superfluid phase. We find that both mean-field and Ginzburg-Landau theory yield the same quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and superfluid phases, but the range of validity of the mean-field theory turns out to be smaller than that of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Due to this finding we expect that the Ginzburg-Landau theory gives better results for the superfluid phase and, thus, we restrict ourselves to extremize only the effective Ginzburg-Landau action with respect to the order parameters. With- out external magnetic field the superfluid phase is a polar (ferromagnetic) state for anti-ferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) interactions, i.e. only the hyperfine spin 0 (1) is macroscopically occupied, in accor- dance with previous mean-field results. On the other hand, in the presence of the external magnetic field for ferromagnetic interaction, the superfluid phase does not change as the minimization of the energy implies the maximal spin value. However, when an anti-ferromagnetic interaction competes with the linear Zeeman effect, we can distinguish various ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic su- perfluid phases within the range of validity of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Increasing the external magnetic field yields a breaking of spin singlet pairs and a subsequent alignment of spins, thus anti- ferromagnetic phases decrease until only a ferromagnetic superfluid phase prevails. In addition, we find that the superfluid-Mott insulator phase transition is always of second order for both ferromag- netic and anti- ferromagnetic interactions. However, the transitions between different superfluid phases for an anti-ferromagnetic interaction can be both of first and second order depending on whether the respective macroscopic occupation of hyperfine spin states changes discontinuously or continuously. The established Ginzburg-Landau theory for spin-1 bosons in optical lattices will certainly be the basis for many further applications as, for instance, time-of-flight absorption pictures or collective excitations, which are of experimental importance.

•Jan 1, 2014•1 citation

Study of spin fluctuations, superfluidity and superconductivity in fermion systems in two dimensions

Dai S. Hirashima, Masafumi Katano, Katsunori Kubo +5 more

•Jan 1, 1999•0 citations

Anyonic symmetry and twist defects

Mayukh Nilay Khan

Non-Abelian excitations are sought after because of the promise they hold for topological quantum computation. However, in spite of many proposals of systems in which they can occur intrinsically, observation has proved to be elusive. In this thesis, we study ways in which we can engineer such excitations by combining two parent Abelian theories, and as a result allow for defects which host non-Abelian zero modes. We first formulate the symmetries of the anyonic excitations of Abelian topological states. Then, we study properties of semiclassical point defects, called twist defects, which permute orbiting anyons by their symmetries. We see how to realize these defects at domain walls on the gapped edges of non-chiral fractional quantum Hall states. We have distinct gapped edge phases in one to one correspondence with the anyonic symmetries. Non-Abelian twist defects appear between different gapped phases. We study the twist defects for a variety of bosonic ADE fractional quantum spin Hall systems for which the anyonic symmetries turn out to be given by their Dynkin diagrams. We also look at superconducting heterostructures with fermionic quantum Hall states and show the presence of anyonic symmetries and twist defects which physically correspond to a fermion parity flip. This can result in Majorana bound states at such defects instead of more exotic parafermions as was believed before. This is because the presence of the superconductor necessitates the consideration of a larger bosonic topological order. We then investigate the twist defects further by promoting the anyonic symmetries from global to local. This deconfines the defects and results in non-Abelian topological states called twist liquids. Finally, we study the emergence of new topological order from two constituent systems driven by the condensation of a composite boson. This allows us to study a variety of systems with non-Abelian excitations.

•Oct 13, 2017•0 citations
The anti-ferromagnetic Lieb-Mattis model is investigated in detail. Symmetry
breaking, low-lying excitation spectrum and macroscopic quantity like Berry phase
are calculated for this model. Superconductivity is studied with respect to the collective
modes of negative U Hubbard model and the BCS superconductor. The
Integer Quantum Hall is looked into by various ways such as by using the center
of mass and orbital center coordinates. The importance of domain wall in a
Quantum Hall system is stressed.These systems are particularly chosen as they are
prototypical/ archetypal fermionic and spin quantum condensed matter systems.
iii
In this thesis we study the spin or pseudospin singlet pair condensation of two different kinds of polarized fermion systems.Using generalized BCS mean-field theories we study how pairing adapts to unequal spin or pseudospin populations.After briefly reviewing the basic physics of superconductivity in Chapter 2, in Chapter 3 the mean-field theory for electron-hole bilayer systems is derived to describe the condensation of excitons which is analogous to the Cooper pair condensation in superconductors.Self-consistent solution of the exciton system gap equation shows that the excitation energy spectrum is qualitatively the same as in superconductors.In Chapter 4 the role of the spin degree of freedom in the bilayer system is investigated by generalizing the two-component mean-field theory developed in Chapter vi 3 to four-component cases.The main consequence is that population polarization leads to ferromagnetism.The interplay between exciton condensation and spontaneous spin-order is the most important consequence of the presence of both spin and pseudospin degrees of freedom in excitonic condensates.In a sense that we explain in this Chapter, both normal and condensed fluids are present in the ferromagnetic excitonic state.Using the Rashba spin-orbit interaction model derived in the appendix, we show that an external electric field can alter the characteristics of the ferromagnetic condensate phase.The spin splitting by the spin-orbit interaction and its different spin state structures lead to qualitatively different magnetic properties for electron and hole layers.In Chapter 5 we turn our attention to a second class of polarized fermion systems that is of great current interest.A fully quantum mechanical treatment of a rotating fermion atom cloud is developed and implicit equations determining the critical temperatures for all center-of-mass Landau level pairings are obtained.In Chapter 6 the condition for the realization of higher center-of-mass Landau level pairing, which corresponds to FFLO state in spin split superconductors, is determined by calculating the critical temperatures for all possible pairing channels.It is shown that FFLO states can be realized in the strong interaction and low rotation frequency regimes in parameter space, where the pairing energy can survive the high polarization.
The Chapter 2 is devoted to the study of the transport properties of a quantum wire, described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model, in the presence of a backscattering potential provided by several point-like or extended time-dependent impurities (barriers) and find regimes of conductance enhancement. In Chapte 3 we study a set of crossed 1D systems, which are coupled with each other via tunnelling at the crossings. Concentrating on the case of a single crossing, we were able to explain recent experiments on crossed metallic and semiconducting nanotubes, which showed the presence of localized states in the region of crossing. The Chapter 4 treats the effects of disorder and interactions in a quantum Hall ferromagnet. We study the problem by projecting the original fermionic Hamiltonian into magnon states, which behave as bosons in the vicinity of the ferromagnetic ground state. The approach permits the reformulation of a strongly interacting model into a non-interacting one. The latter is a non-perturbative scheme that consists in treating the two-particle neutral excitations of the electron system as a bosonic single-particle. Indeed, the employment of bosonization facilitates the inclusion of disorder in the study of the system. It has been shown previously that disorder may drive a quantum phase transition in the Hall ferromagnet. However, such studies have been either carried out in the framework of the nonlinear sigma model, as an effective low-energy theory, or included the long-range Coulomb interaction in a quantum description only up to the Hartree-Fock level. Here, we establish the occurrence of a disorder-driven quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic 2DEG to a spin glass phase by taking into account interactions between electrons up to the random phase approximation level in a fully quantum description. In the Chapter 5 we derive and discuss an experimentally realistic model describing ultracold atoms in an optical lattice including a commensurate, but staggered, Zeeman field. The resulting band structure is quite exotic; fermions in the third band have an unusual rounded picture-frame Fermi surface (essentially two concentric squircles), leading to imperfect nesting. We develop a generalized theory describing the spin and charge degrees of freedom simultaneously, and show that the system can develop a coupled spin-charge-density wave order. This ordering is absent in studies of the Hubbard model that treat spin and charge density separately.
In recent years the quantum simulation of condensed-matter physics problems has resulted from ex- citing experimental progress in the realm of ultracold atoms and molecules in optical lattices. In this thesis we analyze theoretically a spinor Bose gas loaded into a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice. In order to account for different superfluid phases of spin-1 bosons with a linear Zeeman effect, we work out a Ginzburg-Landau theory for the underlying spin-1 Bose-Hubbard model. To this end we add artificial symmetry- breaking currents to the spin-1 Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian in order to break the global U (1) symmetry. With this we determine a diagrammatic expansion of the grand-canonical free energy up to fourth order in the symmetry-breaking currents and up to the leading non-trivial order in the hopping strength which is of first order. As a cross-check we demonstrate that the resulting grand- canonical free energy allows to recover the mean-field theory. Applying a Legendre transfor- mation to the grand-canonical free energy, where the symmetry-breaking currents are transformed to order parameters, we obtain the effective Ginzburg-Landau action. With this we calculate in detail at zero temperature the Mott insulator-superfluid quantum phase boundary as well as condensate and particle number density in the superfluid phase. We find that both mean-field and Ginzburg-Landau theory yield the same quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and superfluid phases, but the range of validity of the mean-field theory turns out to be smaller than that of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Due to this finding we expect that the Ginzburg-Landau theory gives better results for the superfluid phase and, thus, we restrict ourselves to extremize only the effective Ginzburg-Landau action with respect to the order parameters. With- out external magnetic field the superfluid phase is a polar (ferromagnetic) state for anti-ferromagnetic (ferromagnetic) interactions, i.e. only the hyperfine spin 0 (1) is macroscopically occupied, in accor- dance with previous mean-field results. On the other hand, in the presence of the external magnetic field for ferromagnetic interaction, the superfluid phase does not change as the minimization of the energy implies the maximal spin value. However, when an anti-ferromagnetic interaction competes with the linear Zeeman effect, we can distinguish various ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic su- perfluid phases within the range of validity of the Ginzburg-Landau theory. Increasing the external magnetic field yields a breaking of spin singlet pairs and a subsequent alignment of spins, thus anti- ferromagnetic phases decrease until only a ferromagnetic superfluid phase prevails. In addition, we find that the superfluid-Mott insulator phase transition is always of second order for both ferromag- netic and anti- ferromagnetic interactions. However, the transitions between different superfluid phases for an anti-ferromagnetic interaction can be both of first and second order depending on whether the respective macroscopic occupation of hyperfine spin states changes discontinuously or continuously. The established Ginzburg-Landau theory for spin-1 bosons in optical lattices will certainly be the basis for many further applications as, for instance, time-of-flight absorption pictures or collective excitations, which are of experimental importance.
Non-Abelian excitations are sought after because of the promise they hold for topological quantum computation. However, in spite of many proposals of systems in which they can occur intrinsically, observation has proved to be elusive. In this thesis, we study ways in which we can engineer such excitations by combining two parent Abelian theories, and as a result allow for defects which host non-Abelian zero modes. We first formulate the symmetries of the anyonic excitations of Abelian topological states. Then, we study properties of semiclassical point defects, called twist defects, which permute orbiting anyons by their symmetries. We see how to realize these defects at domain walls on the gapped edges of non-chiral fractional quantum Hall states. We have distinct gapped edge phases in one to one correspondence with the anyonic symmetries. Non-Abelian twist defects appear between different gapped phases. We study the twist defects for a variety of bosonic ADE fractional quantum spin Hall systems for which the anyonic symmetries turn out to be given by their Dynkin diagrams. We also look at superconducting heterostructures with fermionic quantum Hall states and show the presence of anyonic symmetries and twist defects which physically correspond to a fermion parity flip. This can result in Majorana bound states at such defects instead of more exotic parafermions as was believed before. This is because the presence of the superconductor necessitates the consideration of a larger bosonic topological order. We then investigate the twist defects further by promoting the anyonic symmetries from global to local. This deconfines the defects and results in non-Abelian topological states called twist liquids. Finally, we study the emergence of new topological order from two constituent systems driven by the condensation of a composite boson. This allows us to study a variety of systems with non-Abelian excitations.