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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Dispersion cancellation in optical measurement and its classical analogy

Shaobo Gao, Wei-Tao Liu, Ping Liu, Zhentao Duan, Ping‐Xing Chen

Published Oct 19, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Dispersion cancellation was proposed to enhance the robustness against dispersion broadening in optical measurement device. Nonlocal dispersion cancellation is suggested to be a pure quantum effect. We propose a novel classical analogy of nonlocal dispersion cancellation, which use frequency anti-correlation to reduce the dispersion broadening to a large extent. The optimized condition is given and analyzed by comparing with quantum light source.

DOI
10.1117/12.2247381

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Dispersion cancellation was proposed to enhance the robustness against dispersion broadening in optical measurement device. Nonlocal dispersion cancellation is suggested to be a pure quantum effect. We propose a novel classical analogy of nonlocal dispersion cancellation, which use frequency anti-correlation to reduce the dispersion broadening to a large extent. The optimized condition is given and analyzed by comparing with quantum light source.
Several recent papers have shown that some forms of dispersion cancellation have classical analogs and that some aspects of nonlocal two-photon interferometry are consistent with local realistic models. It is noted here that the classical analogs only apply to local dispersion cancellation experiments [A. M. Steinberg, P. G. Kwiat, and R. Y. Chiao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2421 (1992)] and that nonlocal dispersion cancellation [J. D. Franson, Phys. Rev. A 45, 3126 (1992)] is inconsistent with any classical field theory and has no classical analog. The local models that have been suggested for two-photon interferometry are shown to be local but not realistic if the spatial extent of the interferometers is taken into account. It is the inability of classical models to describe all of the relevant aspects of these experiments that distinguishes between quantum and classical physics, which is also the case in Bell's inequality.
Classically, two coincident light pulses propagating through two dispersive media will become broadened and their degree of coincidence will be reduced. When entangled photon pairs from parametric down-conversion are considered instead, it is found that the dispersion experienced by one photon can exactly cancel the dispersion experienced by the other in such a way that their coincidence is maintained. The dispersion cancellation is independent of the separation between the two photons and provides a further example of the nonlocal nature of the quantum theory.
Even-order dispersion cancellation, an effect previously identified with frequency-entangled photons, is demonstrated experimentally for the first time with a linear, classical interferometer. A combination of a broad bandwidth laser and a high resolution spectrometer was used to measure the intensity correlations between anti-correlated optical frequencies. Only 14% broadening of the correlation signal is observed when significant material dispersion, enough to broaden the regular interferogram by 4250%, is introduced into one arm of the interferometer.
A pair of optical pulses traveling through two dispersive media will become broadened and, as a result, the degree of coincidence between the optical pulses will be reduced. For a pair of entangled photons, however, nonlocal dispersion cancellation in which the dispersion experienced by one photon cancels the dispersion experienced by the other photon is possible. In this paper, we report an experimental demonstration of nonlocal dispersion cancellation using entangled photons. The degree of two-photon coincidence is shown to increase beyond the limit attainable without entanglement. Our results have important applications in fiber-based quantum communication and quantum metrology.