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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Micromotion of a Bose-Einstein-condensate in a dynamic trap

Jörg Helge Müller, O. Morsch, D. Ciampini, G. Smirne, E. Arimondo

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. In a time-orbiting-potential-trap (TOP-trap), atoms are confined by a combination of a static quadrupole field and a rotating bias field. Despite its widespread use, the effects of the micromotion of the atoms in such a trap have not been extensively studied so far. In this work, we experimentally investigate the micromotion of a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate in a triaxial TOP-trap and compare our findings with a theoretical model and numerical simulations.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.907801

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Summary form only given. In a time-orbiting-potential-trap (TOP-trap), atoms are confined by a combination of a static quadrupole field and a rotating bias field. Despite its widespread use, the effects of the micromotion of the atoms in such a trap have not been extensively studied so far. In this work, we experimentally investigate the micromotion of a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate in a triaxial TOP-trap and compare our findings with a theoretical model and numerical simulations.
Nonadiabatic motion of Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms arising from the dynamical nature of a time-orbiting-potential (TOP) trap was observed experimentally. The orbital micromotion of the condensate in velocity space at the frequency of the rotating bias field of the TOP was detected by a time-of-flight method. A dependence of the equilibrium position of the atoms on the sense of rotation of the bias field was observed. We have compared our experimental findings with numerical simulations. The nonadiabatic following of the atomic spin in the trap rotating magnetic field produces geometric forces acting on the trapped atoms.
Summary form only given. We report the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation of a very large number of /sup 87/Rb atoms in a time orbiting potential (TOP) trap. We found that for such large samples, efficient cooling in the TOP trap is complicated to some extent by undesired losses of atoms at the orbiting magnetic field zero point, but that these difficulties can be overcome. In our experiments, we first load /sup 87/Rb atoms from a slow beam into a magneto-optic atom trap (MOT). Second, we then compress the atoms with a forced dark MOT, further cool them with optical molasses, and optically pump them into the desired state.
We report the results of experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium atoms in a triaxial TOP trap, presenting measurements of the condensate fraction and the free expansion of a condensate released from the trap. The experimental apparatus and the methods used to calibrate the magnetic trapping fields are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we compare the performance of our apparatus with other TOP traps and discuss possible limiting factors for the size of condensates achievable in such traps.
We report on the manipulation of the center-of-mass motion (``sloshing'') of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a time-averaged orbiting potential (TOP) trap. We start with a condensate at rest in the center of a static trapping potential. When suddenly replacing the static trap with a TOP trap centered about the same position, the condensate starts to slosh with an amplitude much larger than the TOP micromotion. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that the direction of sloshing is related to the initial phase of the rotating magnetic field of the TOP. We show further that the sloshing can be quenched by applying a carefully timed and sized jump in the phase of the rotating field.
The rotational motion of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a harmonic trap is investigated by solving the hydrodynamic equations of superfluids, with the irrotationality constraint for the velocity field. We point out the occurrence of an overcritical branch where the system can rotate with angular velocity larger than the oscillator frequencies. We show that in the case of isotropic trapping the system exhibits a bifurcation from an axisymmetric to a triaxial configuration, as a consequence of the interatomic forces. The dynamical stability of the rotational motion with respect to the dipole and quadrupole oscillations is explicitly discussed.