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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Parametric dispersion in coherent population trapping systems

Matthias A. Müller, F. Homann, R.-H. Rinkleff, K. Danzmann

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. We report on the investigation of the parametric phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a lambda type three level system. The parameter under variation is the frequency of the probing field acting on the second transition. In the vicinity of the two photon resonance in this coherent population trapping system the phase of both fixed coupling field and swept probe field undergo a very rapid change. Outside this relatively narrow structure the phase of the probe field follows the usual one photon dispersion line. A semi-classical density matrix model yields analytically expressions for the parametric dispersion and absorption. The system we used was a three level system in the D2 line of cesium obtained from a cesium atomic beam. The phase shift of the coupling beam was measured with a three beam heterodyne interferometer relative to an off-resonant reference laser field. This setup is less sensitive to acoustic and vibrational noise than a homodyne interferometer and provides a reasonable signal to noise ratio even at coupling powers of a few nW. The power of both coupling and probe field was varied over several orders of magnitude and the obtained phase shifts are in good agreement with the semi-classical model.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.907904

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Summary form only given. We report on the investigation of the parametric phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a lambda type three level system. The parameter under variation is the frequency of the probing field acting on the second transition. In the vicinity of the two photon resonance in this coherent population trapping system the phase of both fixed coupling field and swept probe field undergo a very rapid change. Outside this relatively narrow structure the phase of the probe field follows the usual one photon dispersion line. A semi-classical density matrix model yields analytically expressions for the parametric dispersion and absorption. The system we used was a three level system in the D2 line of cesium obtained from a cesium atomic beam. The phase shift of the coupling beam was measured with a three beam heterodyne interferometer relative to an off-resonant reference laser field. This setup is less sensitive to acoustic and vibrational noise than a homodyne interferometer and provides a reasonable signal to noise ratio even at coupling powers of a few nW. The power of both coupling and probe field was varied over several orders of magnitude and the obtained phase shifts are in good agreement with the semi-classical model.
Using three phase-locked lasers, we have observed in a three-level system the phase shift of the frequency fixed coupling laser in dependence of the probe laser frequency relative to an off-resonant reference laser. In the vicinity of the two-photon resonance, the system exhibits electomagnetically induced transparency and we show that the dispersion of coupling and probe field shows different spectra if the probe field frequency is tuned. The parametric dispersion of the coupling field is measured on a cesium atomic beam with a heterodyne interferometer over several decades of coupling and probe laser power. Even with coupling powers in the nW range, the interferometer gives a good signal-to-noise ratio. The results are in good agreement with a numerical simulation of a semiclassical model. Analytical expressions for the dispersion are given.
We analyze both experimentally and theoretically the phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system induced by a tunable probe laser field. The measurements are performed with a heterodyne interferometer on a beam of cesium atoms in the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line. This system exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency with a rapidly varying refractive index. The parametric dispersion of the coupling field over a range of six decades of coupling laser intensities is investigated and found to be in accord with the predictions from the semiclassical model.
The dispersive and absorptive features of a closed transition in atomic cesium are investigated by means of a heterodyne interferometer as a function of the powers of probe and pump laser. Coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena have raised the interest of the community in recent years. Possible applications of such effects are in the field of slow light propagation and, on the other side, superluminal effects. In particular, special interest has been devoted to the investigation of the refractive index of coherently prepared atoms. The goal of this investigation is the design of new optical media which show either negative or positive dispersion without absorption or with increased anomalous absorption. Such media could be useful ui building white light cavities, opto-optical modulators, and in quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements which are crucial to the development of the future generations gravitational wave detectors. Among these coherency processes we have been studying the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) (2) in a closed transition in cesiumatoms. The transition under analysis was the 'CS DZ line at 852 nm, in particular the hyperfine transition 6s zS~/2 F=4 + 6p 2P~/2 F'=5. The system was analyzed by means of a three beam heterodyne interferometer (l). This experimental setup shows high sensitivity to phase measurements and strongly reduced sensitivity to acoustical or vibrational noise. Using a third reference laser which does not interact with the mediumone can perform simultaneous measurements of the phase shift and the absorption of either the probe or the pump laser. The dispersion and the absorption of probe and coupling lasers have been measured as a funcion of the power of the coupling and probe lasers themselves. The power of the lasers are changed in the range of several decades. The halfwidth of the EL4 signal shows an increase with respect to the power of the probe laser while the phase shift of the probe laser decreases. The possibility to extend EIA measurements to a closed four level system in cesium is under analysis and is discussed here. Such possible developments of the experimental setup using a fourth laser or modulating the present reference laser enhance the capability to exploit simultaneous measurements of dispersion and absorption even in the four level system. This work was supported by SFB 407 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).
The cesium D2{D}_{2}D2​ line closed hyperfine transition $F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5$ was simultaneously coupled and probed in a hot atomic beam. We experimentally showed that, when the probe laser frequency approached that of the two-photon-resonance corresponding to electromagnetically induced absorption conditions, an enhanced transparency of the coupling laser appeared, combined with a further central absorption peak at zero probe laser detuning. Simultaneously, the coupling laser parametric dispersion showed a broad negative pattern together with a narrower steep positive phase shift in correspondence with the two-photon resonance, with sub-Doppler half-widths down to about 10kHz10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}10kHz.
We have detected and analyzed narrow, high contrast coherent population trapping resonances, which appear in transmission of the probe monochromatic light beam under action of the counterpropagating two-frequency laser radiation, on example of the nonclosed three level Λ-system formed by spectral components of the Doppler broadened D2 line of cesium atoms (in the cell with the rarefied Cs vapor). These nontrivial resonances are determined directly by the trapped atomic population on the definite lower level of the Λ-system and may be used in atomic frequency standards, sensitive magnetometers and in ultrahigh resolution laser spectroscopy of atoms and molecules.
A technique of differential intracavity phase spectroscopy is introduced. The measured beat frequency between the two counterpropagating fields in a ring laser directly yields the differential phase shift due to the presence of an atomic vapor. In an unstabilized laser cavity, phase differences near ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ are measured. This technique is used to study the nonlinear dispersion associated with a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system in atomic samarium. Sub-Doppler resonances and population trapping are observed, both of which are attributed to the coherences between the two lower levels of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ level structure. Solutions of the density matrix describing the system are also presented, and good qualitative agreement is found between the calculations and the measurements.