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Physical Review A

Role of the coupling laser in electromagnetically induced absorption

L. Spani Molella, R.-H. Rinkleff, K. Danzmann

Published Oct 17, 2005• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The cesium ${D}_{2}$ line closed hyperfine transition $F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5$ was simultaneously coupled and probed in a hot atomic beam. We experimentally showed that, when the probe laser frequency approached that of the two-photon-resonance corresponding to electromagnetically induced absorption conditions, an enhanced transparency of the coupling laser appeared, combined with a further central absorption peak at zero probe laser detuning. Simultaneously, the coupling laser parametric dispersion showed a broad negative pattern together with a narrower steep positive phase shift in correspondence with the two-photon resonance, with sub-Doppler half-widths down to about $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.041802

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The cesium D2{D}_{2}D2​ line closed hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath→F\ensuremath′=5F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=5F=4\ensuremath→F\ensuremath′=5 was simultaneously coupled and probed in a hot atomic beam. We experimentally showed that, when the probe laser frequency approached that of the two-photon-resonance corresponding to electromagnetically induced absorption conditions, an enhanced transparency of the coupling laser appeared, combined with a further central absorption peak at zero probe laser detuning. Simultaneously, the coupling laser parametric dispersion showed a broad negative pattern together with a narrower steep positive phase shift in correspondence with the two-photon resonance, with sub-Doppler half-widths down to about 10kHz10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}10kHz.
The absorption of a resonant coupling laser driving a closed degenerate two-level system in an atomic cesium beam was investigated as a function of the detuning of a second laser probing the same transition. The measurements were performed for four different polarization combinations of the two laser beams. Except for the beams of counterrotating polarizations all coupling-laser absorption profiles showed "absorption within transparency," i.e., the absorption in the region around the two-photon resonance was smaller than the absorption corresponding to the one-photon transition induced by the coupling laser, and an extra absorption peak was observed on this curve at the two-photon resonance. With regard to the beams of counterrotating polarizations we observed a switch from absorption within transparency to "transparency within transparency" when the probe-laser power exceeded the constant coupling-laser power. In other words, the cesium ensemble became mostly transparent to the coupling-laser beam at the two-photon resonance.
The dispersive and absorptive features of a closed transition in atomic cesium are investigated by means of a heterodyne interferometer as a function of the powers of probe and pump laser. Coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena have raised the interest of the community in recent years. Possible applications of such effects are in the field of slow light propagation and, on the other side, superluminal effects. In particular, special interest has been devoted to the investigation of the refractive index of coherently prepared atoms. The goal of this investigation is the design of new optical media which show either negative or positive dispersion without absorption or with increased anomalous absorption. Such media could be useful ui building white light cavities, opto-optical modulators, and in quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements which are crucial to the development of the future generations gravitational wave detectors. Among these coherency processes we have been studying the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) (2) in a closed transition in cesiumatoms. The transition under analysis was the 'CS DZ line at 852 nm, in particular the hyperfine transition 6s zS~/2 F=4 + 6p 2P~/2 F'=5. The system was analyzed by means of a three beam heterodyne interferometer (l). This experimental setup shows high sensitivity to phase measurements and strongly reduced sensitivity to acoustical or vibrational noise. Using a third reference laser which does not interact with the mediumone can perform simultaneous measurements of the phase shift and the absorption of either the probe or the pump laser. The dispersion and the absorption of probe and coupling lasers have been measured as a funcion of the power of the coupling and probe lasers themselves. The power of the lasers are changed in the range of several decades. The halfwidth of the EL4 signal shows an increase with respect to the power of the probe laser while the phase shift of the probe laser decreases. The possibility to extend EIA measurements to a closed four level system in cesium is under analysis and is discussed here. Such possible developments of the experimental setup using a fourth laser or modulating the present reference laser enhance the capability to exploit simultaneous measurements of dispersion and absorption even in the four level system. This work was supported by SFB 407 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Society).
Spontaneous transfer of coherence has proven to be a good interpretative scheme for the explantation of the spectra of a probe laser probing a closed degenerate two-level systems. With its aid it was possible to give an explanation for the emergence of electromagnetically induced absorption and also to make predictions on the associated coupling laser spectra. Here we extend our work on the role of the coupling laser in electromagnetically induced absorption presenting new measurements of the probe and coupling laser absorption and dispersion spectra - taken in the D2 line of caesium - which reassert the importance of spontaneous transfer of coherence in the generation of electromagnetically induced absorption spectra. All measurements were performed with linearly polarised coupling and probe laser of orthogonal polarisation, acting on a perpendicularly propagating caesium atomic beam to minimise the Doppler broadening of the lines. For sake of completeness we compared the electromagnetically induced absorption spectra with electromagnetically induced transparency spectra obtained in another two-level system within the same line. The measured probe spectra were used to calculate the refractive index of caesium in the presence of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption. On that basis we could calculate the effect of Kerr nonlinearities and measure nonlinear Kerr coefficients of the order of n2 ≈ 10-5 cm2/mW with absorption coefficients of the order of &agr; ≈ 0.1 cm-1.
We analyze both experimentally and theoretically the phase shift of a fixed coupling laser field in a \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system induced by a tunable probe laser field. The measurements are performed with a heterodyne interferometer on a beam of cesium atoms in the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line. This system exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency with a rapidly varying refractive index. The parametric dispersion of the coupling field over a range of six decades of coupling laser intensities is investigated and found to be in accord with the predictions from the semiclassical model.
Pump?probe spectra of caesium D2 line are experimentally investigated in a Cs atomic vapour cell with co-propagating orthogonal linearly-polarized pump and probe laser beams. Absorption-reduction dips duo to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in multi-?-type Zeeman sublevels of 6 S1/2 F=3?6 P3/2 F'=2 hyperfine transition and absorption-enhanced peaks due to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in 6 S1/2 F=4?6 P3/2 F'=5 hyperfine transition are demonstrated. With detuned pump beam abnormal sign-reversed signals inside the EIT dip and the EIA peak are clearly observed.