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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Coherent forward scattering of γ -ray and XUV radiation in the medium with the modulated quasi-resonant transition

T. R. Akhmedzhanov, V. A. Antonov, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published Oct 4, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We establish a close physical analogy between coherent forward scattering of γ -ray radiation in the vibrating quasi-resonant nuclear absorber and the XUV field propagation in the quasi-resonant atomic medium in the presence of the moderately strong IR field. We prove that both processes, under certain conditions, are described by similar Maxwell–Bloch equations for a two-level medium with modulated parameters of the resonant transition. It results in similar transformation of both γ -ray and XUV fields at the exit from the medium, fully determined by the characteristics of applied modulation and spectral content of the incident fields. We find an appropriate analytical solution describing transformation of the electromagnetic field as a result of its propagation in the modulated medium. We show, in particular, that recently observed effects of (i) suppressed resonant absorption in coherent γ -ray scattering of vibrating absorber and (ii) ionization rate modulation in IR pump–XUV probe experiments, present themselves as different manifestations of the same general physical phenomenon of modulation induced transparency (MIT). That transparency is induced by modulating the parameters of the resonant transition. While only partial MIT was observed so far, we suggest certain conditions for conducting some realistic experiments, which should demonstrate nearly 100% transparency in both processes.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/49/20/205602

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Abstract We establish a close physical analogy between coherent forward scattering of γ -ray radiation in the vibrating quasi-resonant nuclear absorber and the XUV field propagation in the quasi-resonant atomic medium in the presence of the moderately strong IR field. We prove that both processes, under certain conditions, are described by similar Maxwell–Bloch equations for a two-level medium with modulated parameters of the resonant transition. It results in similar transformation of both γ -ray and XUV fields at the exit from the medium, fully determined by the characteristics of applied modulation and spectral content of the incident fields. We find an appropriate analytical solution describing transformation of the electromagnetic field as a result of its propagation in the modulated medium. We show, in particular, that recently observed effects of (i) suppressed resonant absorption in coherent γ -ray scattering of vibrating absorber and (ii) ionization rate modulation in IR pump–XUV probe experiments, present themselves as different manifestations of the same general physical phenomenon of modulation induced transparency (MIT). That transparency is induced by modulating the parameters of the resonant transition. While only partial MIT was observed so far, we suggest certain conditions for conducting some realistic experiments, which should demonstrate nearly 100% transparency in both processes.
This work aims at development of new dynamical methods to control a resonant light-matter interaction as well as at their application for producing new sources of coherent intense sub-fs radiation in x-ray range. The dynamical control is based on modulation in time and in space of the parameters of the atomic transition (coupled to the resonant high-frequency field) by means of sufficiently strong off-resonant low-frequency control field. In particular, it may result in efficient transfer of quasi-monochromatic VUV or XUV radiation into ultrashort pulses via its resonant interaction with atomic hydrogen gas or plasma of hydrogen-like ions respectively by means of two different techniques: time and space dependent linear Stark effect or interruption of resonant interaction by the tunneling ionization, as shown in previous works of our group. \n\nIn this thesis, I further develop these ideas and demonstrate their important potential applications. First of all, both techniques are extended to arbitrary (non-hydrogen-like) atomic medium. Furthermore, advanced analytical and numerical solutions describing a process of pulses formation are found and shown to be in excellent agreement with each other. A deep physical analogy between the processes of coherent forward scattering of γ-ray radiation in the vibrated quasi-resonant nuclear absorber and the XUV field propagation in the quasi-resonant atomic medium in the presence of the moderately strong IR field is established. \n\nFinally, the application of the developed techniques for production of intense coherent attosecond sources of soft X-ray radiation, including so-called “water window” range (2.2-4.3nm) (especially promising for dynamical imaging of the proteins in a living cell) is proposed. Two different paths towards production of intense coherent attosecond pulses in a soft X-ray range are suggested: (i) via efficient transformation of the picosecond radiation of the high energy pulses of the existing x-ray plasma lasers into the trains of attosecond pulses in the resonant passive plasma, and (ii) via amplification of the low energy pulses of the existing high harmonic sources in the resonant active plasma of x-ray lasers.
Abstract The induced transparency of opaque medium for resonant electromagnetic radiation is a powerful tool for manipulating the field-matter interaction. Various techniques to make different physical systems transparent for radiation from microwaves to x-rays were implemented. Most of them are based on the modification of the quantum-optical properties of the medium under the action of an external coherent electromagnetic field. Recently, an observation of acoustically induced transparency (AIT) of the 57Fe absorber for resonant 14.4-keV photons from the radioactive 57Co source was reported. About 150-fold suppression of the resonant absorption of photons due to collective acoustic oscillations of the nuclei was demonstrated. In this paper, we extend the AIT phenomenon to a novel phase-locked regime, when the transmitted photons are synchronized with the absorber vibration. We show that the advantages of synchrotron Mössbauer sources such as the deterministic periodic emission of radiation and controlled spectral-temporal characteristics of the emitted photons along with high-intensity photon flux in a tightly focused beam, make it possible to efficiently implement this regime, paving the way for the development of the acoustically controlled interface between hard x-ray photons and nuclear ensembles.
The coherent propagation of two optical short pulses through a resonant medium consisting of two three-level atoms in the configuration is investigated. A self-consisting analytical solution without steady state or adiabatic approximations is presented. The electric field in the model studied consists of two co-propagating plane waves, each of which is in near resonance with a transition in the absorber. The density matrix of two three level atoms is studied. Also, the reduced density matrices are stated. The present approach for the semiclassical treatment of resonant coherent interactions in three-level atoms represents a generalization of the Maxwell- Bloch equations for a two-level system. The Maxwell-Bloch equations reduced to the non-linear pendulum equation. The solution shows that the two pulses can propagate simultaneously without loss under some conditions about the pulses and the medium. The propagation of the two pulses through the medium without any constrains approves the self -induced transparency (SIT) phenomenon.
Abstract Nuclear quantum optics deals with the resonant interaction of gamma‐radiation and nuclei, generally incorporated in a solid‐state material. Single gamma‐rays interact with an ensemble of nuclei. The properties of the resonantly forward‐scattered gamma‐radiation depend on the details of the interaction. An external modification of the nuclear energies will influence the interactions, and hence the properties of the radiation. Several techniques are proposed to reduce the resonant absorption of the gamma‐rays, creating a nuclear medium that is partially transparent: nuclear‐level‐mixing induced transparency, modification of nuclear levels by means of an optical laser, phase‐shift‐induced transparency. Interference is crucial in all this. The partial transparency could be exploited to study special effects such as slow gamma‐radiation and gain without population inversion. It could also be of importance for the realization of a gamma‐ray laser.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We suggest a highly efficient method of ultrashort pulse formation from resonant XUV radiation due to sub-laser-cycle modulation of the excited state of non-hydrogen-like atoms by a nonionizing IR laser field. This modulation results in formation of the Raman-Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands in coherently forward-scattered radiation, which, in turn, leads to formation of short pulses, when the phases of the sidebands are matched. This method is a generalization of a recently suggested technique [V. A. Antonov et al., Phys. Rev. A 88, 053849 (2013)] for a non-hydrogen-like medium. The possibility to form 2-fs XUV pulses in the gas of helium atoms and 990-as XUV pulses in the plasma of Li+ ions with efficiencies over 80% is shown.