Post-processing Free Quantum Random Number Generator Based on Avalanche Photodiode Array

Ahasan Ahamed, M. (Md. Moshiul) Islam

Yang Li, Sheng‐Kai Liao, Futian Liang +3 more

Quantum random number generators adopting single photon detection have been restricted due to the non-negligible dead time of avalanche photodiodes (APDs). We propose a new approach based on an APD array to improve the generation rate of random numbers significantly. This method compares the detectors' responses to consecutive optical pulses and generates the random sequence. We implement a demonstration experiment to show its simplicity, compactness and scalability. The generated numbers are proved to be unbiased, post-processing free, ready to use, and their randomness is verified by using the national institute of standard technology statistical test suite. The random bit generation efficiency is as high as 32.8% and the potential generation rate adopting the 32 × 32 APD array is up to tens of Gbits/s.

Xiaoyuan Yu, Zaiguang Li, Xiao Shi +2 more

Fang‐Xiang Wang, Chao Wang, Wei Chen +7 more

We propose and demonstrate a scheme to realize a high-efficiency truly quantum random number generator (RNG) at room temperature. Using an effective extractor with simple time bin encoding method, the avalanche pulses of avalanche photodiode (APD) are converted into high-quality random numbers that are robust to slow varying noise such as fluctuations of pulse intensity and temperature. A light source is compatible but not necessary in this scheme. Therefor the robustness of the system is effective enhanced. The random bits generation rate of this proof-of-principle system is 0.69 Mb/s with double APDs and 0.34 Mb/s with single APD. The results indicate that a high-speed RNG chip based on the scheme is potentially available with an integrable APD array.

Nicolás Barbosa Berrio

Hesong Xu, Daniele Perenzoni, Alessandro Tomasi +1 more

In this brief, we present a 16 × 16-pixel quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes, implemented in CMOS 150-nm technology. Each pixel consists of two detectors, featuring 17.2 μm ×7.7 μm size, and an arbiter, based on a phase comparator, enhancing the working range of the generator. The QRNG has achieved a random bit efficiency of 90% at a given observation window of 200 ns. The maximum speed is up to 18.2 Mbps for the whole array due to limited readout capability. The measurement result shows the random numbers can pass the standard randomness test without any post-processing.