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Acta Physica Sinica

Intensity-gradient cooling of atoms in a localized-hol low beam*

Yin Jianping, Gao Wei-Jian, (1)华东师范大学物理系，光谱学与波谱学教育部重点实验室，上海　200062; (2)苏州大学物理系,苏州　215006

Published Jan 1, 2004• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a new scheme to cool and trap neutral ato ms by using a blue-detuned localized hollow beam (LHB), and studied the dynamica l process of intensity-gradient cooling of the trapped atoms in the LHB by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. Our study shows that an ultracold atomic sample wit h a temperature of ～5 μK and an atomic density of 1012—1013/cm 3 can be obtained in our single LHB, and this atomic density can be con trolled by changing the relative aperture of the lens system. So, such a LHB can be used to realize an all-optical atomic Bose-Einstein condensation.

DOI
10.7498/aps.53.4157

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2016•3 citations
In this paper, we propose a new scheme to cool and trap neutral ato ms by using a blue-detuned localized hollow beam (LHB), and studied the dynamica l process of intensity-gradient cooling of the trapped atoms in the LHB by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. Our study shows that an ultracold atomic sample wit h a temperature of ～5 μK and an atomic density of 1012—1013/cm 3 can be obtained in our single LHB, and this atomic density can be con trolled by changing the relative aperture of the lens system. So, such a LHB can be used to realize an all-optical atomic Bose-Einstein condensation.
Abstract In order to realize a convenient and efficient laser cooling of a single atom, we propose a simple and promising scheme to cool a single neutral atom in a blue-detuned localized hollow-beam trap by intensity-gradient induced Sisyphus cooling, and study the dynamic process of the intensity-gradient cooling of a single 87 Rb atom in the localized hollow-beam trap by using Monte-Carlo simulations. Our study shows that a single 87 Rb atom with a temperature of 120 μ K from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be directly cooled to a final temperature of 4.64 μ K in our proposed scheme. We also investigate the dependences of the cooling results on the laser detuning δ of the localized hollow-beam, the power RP 0 of the re-pumping laser beam, the sizes of both the localized hollow-beam and the re-pumping beam, and find that there is a pair of optimal cooling parameters ( δ and RP 0 ) for an expected lowest temperature, and the cooling results strongly depend on the size of the re-pumping beam, but weakly depend on the size of the localized hollow-beam. Finally, we further study the cooling potential of our localized hollow-beam trap for the initial temperature of a single atom, and find that a single 87 Rb atom with an initial temperature of higher than 1 mK can also be cooled directly to about 6.6 μ K.
We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method. We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phase plates. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps. We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of ~2µK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollow beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned, hollow beam trap.
Abstract We propose a promising scheme to prepare ultracold MgF molecules from a slowed cold molecular beam by using three-dimensional pure intensity-gradient induced Sisyphus cooling. The cooling is based on a blue-detuned localized hollow beam and a weak repumping beam. We investigate the dynamic process in the trap with the method of the Monte-Carlo simulations, verifying the feasibility. Our results show that achieving sub-Doppler temperature should be possible in such a well-designed trap; the trapped MgF molecules with initial temperature of 1 mK can be directly cooled to the final equilibrium temperature of about 46.5 μ K , well below the Doppler limit (about 527.9 μ K for MgF); meanwhile, molecules with initial temperature of 14 mK can be even cooled to about 68.7 μ K .
We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method.We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phates,Using Monte-Carlo simulations,we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps,We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC),Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of -2uK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollw beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned,hollw beam trap.
We propose a novel gravito-optical surface trap (GOST) for neutral atoms based on one-dimensional intensity gradient cooling. The surface optical trap is composed of a blue-detuned reduced semi-Gaussian laser beam (SGB), a far-blue-detuned dark hollow beam and the gravity field. The SGB is produced by the diffraction of a collimated Gaussian laser beam passing through the straight edge of a semi-infinite opaque plate and then is reduced by an imaging lens. We calculate the intensity distribution of the reduced SGB, and study the dynamic process of the SGB intensity-gradient induced Sisyphus cooling for 87 Rb atoms by using Monte Carlo simulations. Our study shows that the proposed GOST can be used not only to trap cold atoms loaded from a standard magneto-optical trap, but also to cool the trapped atoms to an equilibrium temperature of 3.47 μK from ~120 μK, even to realize an all-optical two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensation by using optical-potential evaporative cooling.
In order to generate a submicron localized hollow laser beam and realize the more efficient laser cooling and trapping of a single atom, a simple and promising scheme with using the system of a single mode fiber a circle binary phase plate and a microlens is proposed in this paper. From Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory, the intensity distribution of the generated localized hollow laser beam near the focal plane and its propagating properties in free space are calculated. Also, the dependences of the dark-spot size of the localized hollow beam on the mode radius of single mode fiber and the focal length of the mocrolens are studied. The calculated results show that the intensity distribution of the localized hollow beam presents approximately symmstrical distribution near the focal plane. In the center of the focal plane, the light intensity is 0 and increases gradually around it. So a closed spherical light field (i.e., localized hollow laser beam) with a radius of 0.4 m is generated. The calculated results also show that the dark-spot size of the localized hollow laser beam decreases with the increasing of the microlens focal length and the decreasing of the single mode fiber mode radius. So proper parameters of this optical system can be chosen to generate localized hollow laser beams with different sizes for various applications. When the localized hollow laser beam is blue detuned, atoms will be trapped in the minimum light filed. If a repumping laser beam is applied, the trapped atoms will be also cooled by the intensity-gradient Sisyphus cooling. In this paper, we build a device for trapping and cooling a single atom by using the generated blue detuned submicron localized hollow laser beam. We study the dynamical process of intensity-gradient cooling of a single 87Rb atom trapped in the localized hollow beam by Monte-Carlo method. Our study shows that a single 87Rb atom with a temperature of 120 K (the corresponding momentum is 30ħk) from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be directly cooled to a final tempreture of ～ 5.8 K (the corresponding momentum is ～ 6.6ħk). So an ultracold single atom is generated and trapped in our submicro localized hollow beam. This device for obtaining ultralcold single atom can be widely uesd in the regions of the optical physics, the atom and molecule optics, such as the detecting of the fundamental physical parameters, realizing the quantum computer, studying the cold collision of singe atoms, and realizing the single atom laser.