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Chinese Physics

Generations of dark hollow beams and their applications in laser cooling of atoms and all optical-type Bose-Einstein condensation

Yin Jian-Ping, Gao Wei-Jian, Wang Hai-Feng, Long Quan, Yuzhu Wang

Published Oct 23, 2002• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method. We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phase plates. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps. We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of ~2µK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollow beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned, hollow beam trap.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/11/11/312

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We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method. We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phase plates. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps. We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of ~2µK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollow beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned, hollow beam trap.
We report on a new experimental result to generate dark hollow beams by using a geometric optical method.We propose two new methods to produce focused and localized hollow laser beams by using π-phates,Using Monte-Carlo simulations,we have studied the Sisyphus cooling of alkali atoms in pyramidal hollow beam gravito-optical traps,We discuss some potential applications of the dark hollow beams in atom optics and the preparation of an all optically-cooled and optically-trapped atomic Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC),Our research shows that an ultracold atomic sample with a temperature of -2uK can be obtained in the pyramidal hollw beam dipole trap and an all optical-type BEC may be realized in a far blue-detuned,hollw beam trap.
We propose a dark gravito-optical dipole trap, for alkali atoms, consisting of a blue-detuned, pyramidal-hollow laser beam propagating upward and the gravity field. When cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap are loaded into the pyramidal-hollow beam and bounce inside the pyramidal-hollow beam, they experience efficient Sisyphus cooling and geometric cooling induced by the pyramidal-hollow beam and the weak repumping beam propagating downward. Our study shows that an ultracold and dense atomic sample with an equilibrium 3D momentum of � 3 ¯ and an atomic density above the point of Bose-Einstein condensation may be obtained in this pure optical trap. PACC: 3280P; 3380P; 4250
We propose a novel gravito-optical atom trap composed of a blue-detuned, conical dark-hollow-beam propagating upward and the gravity field. When cold atoms are loaded into the conical dark-hollow-beam from a magnetic-optical trap and bounce inside the hollow beam, they experience an efficient hollow-beam induced Sisyphus cooling and repumping-beam induced geometric cooling. Our investigation shows that an ultracold and dense 87 Rb atomic sample with an equilibrium 3D temperature of about 1 μK can be obtained and the appearance of an optically-trapped Bose-Einstein condensation may be possible in this pure optical trap.
The experimental progress on rf evaporative cooling of 133Cs atomic sample in recent year is reviewed, and the difficulty of magnetically trapped 133Cs atomic Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is analyzed. In this paper, we propose an all-optically-cooled and-trapped 133Cs BEC scheme, which is composed of a pyramidal-hollow-beam gravito-optical trap (PHB GOT) from a diode laser (λ=0.852 μm) and a conical-hollow-beam (CHB) GOT from an Ar+ laser (λ=0.5013 μm). In the PHB GOT, the cold atoms experience an efficient hollow-beam induced Sisyphus cooling (i.e., intensity gradient cooling) and repumpimg-beam induced geometric cooling, and they will be cooled to a few photon-recoil limits (～2 μK) from MOT's temperature (～60 μK). Whereas in the Ar+ hollow-laser-beam trap, cold atoms will be further cooled by Raman cooling (or velocity-selection coherent population trapping) and compressed by a blue-detuned covering beam. We have performed Monte-Carlo simulations for PHB cooling process, calculated the optical potential for 133Cs atoms in Ar+ hollow laser beam, and estimated total collision loss and atomic density. Our study shows that the realization of an optically-cooled and-trapped BEC of 133Cs atoms may be possible in our all-optical dipole trap.
Presents work on the realization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in optical and electro-magnetic traps. We have done some theoretical and experimental work on the project. We have proposed an optical funnel or a hollow beam, which are produced from a short micron-sized hollow optical fiber or a set-up of lenses. The cold atoms extracted from an magneto-optical trap experience effective Sisyphus cooling in the dark hollow beam. We calculate the potential barriers for atomic guiding in the dark hollow beam, and analyze the atomic losses during the guiding process. Inside the hollow beam atoms experience an efficient Sisyphus cooling and repumping-beam induced geometric cooling. We have estimated the total loss rate of the cold atoms, and it shows that an ultracold and dense Rb atomic sample with a 3D temperature of /spl sim/1 K can be obtained and the appearance of an optically-trapped Bose-Einstein condensation may be possible in this optical trap. We have also made a proposal of a micro-wave electro-magnetic trap, which is working at the frequency which is very far from the optical transition of the cold atoms. The trapping force comes from the interaction between the electro-magnetic induced magnetic dipole moment with the electro-magnetic field. Theoretical calculation shows that the force can be used to trap the cold atoms in the trap.
Abstract A succinct experimental scheme is demonstrated to generate a localized hollow beam by using a π -phase binary bitmap and a convergent thin lens. The experimental results show that the aspect ratio of the dark-spot size of the hollow beam can be effectively controlled by the focal length of the lens. The measured beam profiles in free space also agree with the theoretical modeling. The studies hold great promise that such a hollow beam can be used to cool trapped atoms (or molecules) by Sisyphus cooling and to achieve an optically-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate by optical-potential evaporative cooling.