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Physical Review A

Adiabatic frequency conversion with a sign flip in the coupling

H. S. Hristova, Andon A. Rangelov, Germano Montemezzani, Nikolay V. Vitanov

Published Sep 27, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Adiabatic frequency conversion is a method recently developed in nonlinear optics [H. Suchowski, D. Oron, A. Arie, and Y. Silberberg, Phys. Rev. A 78, 063821 (2008)], using ideas from the technique of rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) via a level crossing in quantum physics. In this method, the coupling coefficients are constant and the phase mismatch is chirped adiabatically. In this work, we propose another method for adiabatic frequency conversion, in which the phase mismatch is constant and the coupling is a pulse-shaped function with a sign flip (i.e., a phase step of $\ensuremath{\pi}$) at its maximum. Compared to the RAP method, our technique has comparable efficiency but it is simpler to implement for it only needs two bulk crystals with opposite ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ nonlinearity. Moreover, because our technique requires constant nonzero frequency mismatch and has zero conversion efficiency on exact frequency matching, it can be used as a frequency filter.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.033849

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Adiabatic frequency conversion is a method recently developed in nonlinear optics [H. Suchowski, D. Oron, A. Arie, and Y. Silberberg, Phys. Rev. A 78, 063821 (2008)], using ideas from the technique of rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) via a level crossing in quantum physics. In this method, the coupling coefficients are constant and the phase mismatch is chirped adiabatically. In this work, we propose another method for adiabatic frequency conversion, in which the phase mismatch is constant and the coupling is a pulse-shaped function with a sign flip (i.e., a phase step of \ensuremathπ\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremathπ) at its maximum. Compared to the RAP method, our technique has comparable efficiency but it is simpler to implement for it only needs two bulk crystals with opposite \ensuremathχ(2){\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}\ensuremathχ(2) nonlinearity. Moreover, because our technique requires constant nonzero frequency mismatch and has zero conversion efficiency on exact frequency matching, it can be used as a frequency filter.
Two frequency-cascaded and spatially simultaneous three-wave-mixing processes, each pumped by a different frequency, are studied in a quasi-phase-matching crystal with chirped poling. Theory, numerical simulation, and experiment all show that efficient two-process adiabatic frequency conversion takes place over a broad range of input wavelengths. Experimentally, up to five process cascades are obtained. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that reversing the chirp sign results in a different conversion for the same input wavelength. This method can be applied to generation of an all-optically tunable frequency comb.
We investigate the influence of nonlinear crystal’s coupling modulation on wavelength conversion based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage. The result shows that the distribution of the efficient conversion is zonal with the change of coupling delay parameter. In addition, the efficient wavelength conversion can be performed in counterintuitive and intuitive order, which can reduce the restriction on the condition of conversion process compared to the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. When the width parameter d12 is fixed, the larger the width parameter d22 is, the higher the maximum conversion efficiency is and the larger the bandwidth for efficient wavelength conversion is. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficient acquisition of laser sources from the visible to the mid-infrared and to the ultraviolet.
Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction, while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g. mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
In the field of nonlinear frequency conversion, the cascaded frequency conversion scheme is an effective means to obtain new wavelengths. In this paper, we demonstrate efficient frequency conversion through three cascaded three-wave mixing processes based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage, which are different from previous cascaded wavelength conversion processes based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Further, by analyzing the relevant parameters in the three-process cascaded frequency conversion models we have established, we find that the new scheme increases the conversion range and has lower restrictions on the conversion conditions while maintaining extremely low intermediate frequency intensity. These advantages allow our work to be applied to the acquisition of a mid-infrared or visible laser.
We demonstrate a highly efficient process of cascaded wavelength conversion among three states that is based on the Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage technique, and enables the achievement of nearly complete wavelength conversion in the mid-infrared laser generation process. By analyzing the relevant parameters in the model, we identify various factors that affect the efficiency of the conversion process. Compared with traditional cascaded wavelength conversion based on the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, the new conversion process not only maintains a high efficiency but also keeps the intermediate frequency strength low along the interacting length and achieves better stability when the relevant parameters change.
Fast Rabi $\ensuremath{\pi}$-pulse technique has been widely applied to various coherent quantum manipulations, although it requires precise designs of the pulse areas. Relaxing the precise pulse designs, various rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) approaches have been alternatively utilized to implement various population passages deterministically. However, the usual RAP protocol could not be implemented desirably fast, as the relevant adiabatic condition should be robustly satisfied during the passage. Here, we propose a modified shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) technique to accelerate significantly the desired deterministic quantum state population passages. This transitionless technique is beyond the usual rotating wave approximation (RWA) performed in the recent STA protocols, and thus can be applied to deliver various fast quantum evolutions wherein the relevant counter-rotating effects cannot be neglected. The proposal is demonstrated specifically with the driven two- and three-level systems. Numerical results show that with the present STA technique beyond the RWA the usual Stark-chirped RAPs and stimulated Raman adiabatic passages could be significantly speeded up; the deterministic population passages could be implemented as fast as the widely used fast Rabi $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses, but are insensitive to the applied pulse areas.