Quantum theory of information science from germination and now has nearly 30 years of history, mainly includes three aspects: (1) quantum communication can be achieved theoretically unconditionally secure transmission of information; (2) quantum computing with ultra-fast computing power; (3) quantum precision measurement.This article will present situation of quantum information science research three points summary and comparison, and gives the academician reviews, has great significance for the future development direction of quantum technology.
Quantum theory of information science from germination and now has nearly 30 years of history, mainly includes three aspects: (1) quantum communication can be achieved theoretically unconditionally secure transmission of information; (2) quantum computing with ultra-fast computing power; (3) quantum precision measurement.This article will present situation of quantum information science research three points summary and comparison, and gives the academician reviews, has great significance for the future development direction of quantum technology.
In the early decades of the 20th century, the inception of quantum mechanics catalyzed the first quantum revolution, resulting in groundbreaking technological advances, such as nuclear energy, semiconductors, lasers, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and global satellite positioning systems. These innovations have promoted significant progress in material civilization, fundamentally changed the way of life and societal landscape of humanity. Since the 1990s, quantum control technology has made significant strides forward, ushering in a rapid evolution of quantum technologies, notably exemplified by quantum information science. This encompasses domains such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, offering paradigm-shifting solutions for enhancing information transmission security, accelerating computational speed, and elevating measurement precision. These advances hold the potential to provide crucial underpinning for national security and the high-quality development of the national economy. The swift progression of quantum information technology heralds the advent of the second quantum revolution. Following nearly three decades of concerted efforts, China’s quantum information technology field as a whole has achieved a leap. Specifically, China presently assumes a prominent international role in both the research and practical application of quantum communication, leading the global domain in quantum computing, and achieving international preeminence or advanced standing across various facets of quantum precision measurement. Presently, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the developmental priorities in the realm of quantum information in China for the forthcoming 5 to 10 years, in alignment with national strategic priorities and the evolving landscape of international competition. This will enable the proactive establishment of next-generation information technology systems that are secure, efficient, autonomous, and controllable.
Quantum information technology mainly includes quantum communication, quantum radar, quantum computer these three aspects, in recent years, rapid development, many countries invested heavily in development. The awarding of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2022 to three scientists for their work in quantum informatics has further stimulated people's interest in quantum theory, which has been studied and discussed. This paper not only reviews the historical situation, but also thinks and innovates in theory. The main contents of this paper are as follows: It is pointed out that there are fundamental contradictions between relativity and quantum mechanics; The wave function, quantum statistics and uncertainty principle are discussed in detail. The hidden variable theory is reviewed and the Bell inequality is discussed. The Aspect two-photon experiment was analyzed. The rationality of Bohm experiment scheme is discussed. The development of Bell type experiment is discussed. It is pointed out that the entangled state is not acting at a distance but propagating faster than the speed of light. Reviews the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics; Quantum communication and Wootters theorem are discussed. etc. This paper holds that quantum mechanics has been finalized from 1926 to 1928, and its basic content has not changed much. But for some of the accusations, it is necessary to answer them theoretically. For example, we believe that the Copenhagen interpretation fundamentally changes our understanding of nature and marks a profound revolution in physics. And no other theory has since emerged that has such a profound understanding and wide application of microscopic phenomena as this interpretation. Another example is Bohm's two-particle correlation spin scheme in quantum entanglement experiments, which has been proved to be effective in a series of experiments, which is an important contribution in Bohm's life. This paper holds that the so-called quantum field theory is a failure, and the original quantum mechanics should still be advocated today. Current theoretical research should pay great attention to quantum entangled states, because its nature is still unclear. Understanding this "first mystery of the physical world" not only has scientific significance, but also has great philosophical significance for understanding the universe.
Quantum property which has its particular function in the information filed is expected to break the limitation of current classical information system in the aspects of promoting operation speed,insuring information security,improving information capacity,and promoting detection accuracy.The quantum information science is a subject that combines the quantum mechanics with the information science.The quantum information has made important breakthroughs in the theoretical,experimental,and application fields in recent years.To a certain degree,the quantum communication has already realized the commercial application with bight market prospect.The quantum computer has its incomparable power that current computer does not possess theoretically.However,the real technology of quantum processor has not been realized at present,and the research on the quantum processor based on quantum optics and solid system has a rosy future.
The quantum information science is the science of quantum information processing technology. The quantum information processing technology includes quantum computing technology, quantum cryptography and quantum communication technologies,its impact on information security is great. The quantum computers and quantum algorithms made many difficult math problems solved easily, that is a direct threat to many of the traditional cryptography, and the anti-quantum attacks cryptographic algorithms became the focus of the theoretical research. Quantum cryptography and quantum teleportation can effectively improve the security of quantum communication networks and quantum signature technology. People encountered many challenges in the process of studying quantum information science,also made gratifying progress. People should adequately predict the impact of quantum informatics science on commercial, military, network,banking areas at the information age.
The rapid development of quantum information has brought new opportunities and challenges to modern information technologies.As one of the popular research directions in the field of quantum information, quantum networks aim to utilize the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics to achieve long-distance (secure) communications or provide computational capabilities superior to classical computing networks through distributed computing.The study of quantum networks holds great significance in advancing the practicality of quantum information.To gain a comprehensive understanding of the development trajectory of quantum networks, this study categorizes quantum networks into three types: quantum cryptography, quantum cloud computing, and quantum teleportation networks, based on different application scenarios and technical approaches.It provides comprehensive reviews of both domestic and international research progress and the challenges faced in each aspect.Furthermore, in conjunction with the practical implementation of quantum networks, the key technologies that need to be overcome in the development of quantum network systems, involving link establishment, information transmission, networking protocols, and physical hardware, are summarized.Overall, the development of quantum networks is still in the primary stage.At this stage, actively addressing challenges and seizing opportunities are of great significance to enhance the technological prowess of China.Therefore, to promote the development of 收稿日期：2023-10-11；修回日期：2023-10-30 通讯作者： * 高飞，网络与交换技术国家重点实验室(北京邮电大学)教授，研究方向为量子密码和量子算法；E-mail:
Quantum communication based on quantum mechanics is a secure communication technology,which can provide unconditional security between communication parties in principle. Recently,quantum communication technology and its practical engineering have been regarded by many counties and regions such as the US,European Union,China and Japan. With the engineering development of quantum communication technology,it has been progressing from point-to-point communications to network applications,including local area networks and wide area networks. Furthermore,global quantum communication is developing. In the review,we summarize in detail the development of the quantum communication networks built by various countries,and introduce the plans of quantum satellites.