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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Nonclassicality in an atom–molecule Bose–Einstein condensate: Higher-order squeezing, antibunching and entanglement

Sandip Kumar Giri, Kishore Thapliyal, Biswajit Sen, Anirban Pathak

Published Sep 12, 2016• 25 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physa.2016.09.004

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An analytic operator solution of a generalized quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of two-mode Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is obtained for short-time dynamics and the same is used to investigate the nonclassical properties of the modes present in the system. Nonclassical characters are observed by means of single-mode and intermodal quadrature squeezing, single-mode and intermodal sub-Poissonian boson statistics, and intermodal entanglement. In addition to the traditionally studied lower-order nonclassical properties, signatures of higher-order nonclassical characters of two-mode BEC systems are also obtained by investigating the possibility of higher-order antibunching and higher-order entanglement. The mutual relation among the observed nonclassicalities and their evolution (variation) with time and the ratio of the single boson tunneling amplitude ($\ensuremath{\varepsilon}$) and the coupling constant for the intramodal interaction ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) are also reported.
Various lower- and higher-order nonclassical properties have been studied for two physical systems- (i) an optomechanical system composed of a Fabry-Perot cavity with one nonlinearly oscillating mirror and (ii) an optomechanical-like system formed using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside an optical cavity. The investigation is performed using a perturbation method that leads to closed form analytic expressions for the time evolution of the relevant bosonic operators. In the first system, it is observed that the radiation pressure coupling leads to the emergence of lower- and higher-order squeezing, antibunching, entanglement and intermodal squeezing. The effects of the coherent interaction of a nonlinear oscillating mirror with the cavity mode are studied, and it is observed that the optomechanical system studied here becomes more nonclassical (entangled) when the coupling strength is increased. It is also observed that the possibility of observing entanglement depends on the phase of the movable mirror. The Hamiltonian of the trapped BEC system is obtained as a special case of the Hamiltonian of the first system, and the existence of various nonclassicality in the trapped BEC system has been established, and variations of those with various physical parameters have been reported with an aim to understand the underlying physical process that leads to and controls the nonclassicality.