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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Generation of photon pairs through parametric processes in nonlinear waveguides with the account of losses

Dmitrii N. Vavulin, Andrey A. Sukhorukov

Published Aug 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an analytical description of the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing in a cubic nonlinear fiber with linear losses. We consider the generation of photon pairs in the fiber when in the input of fiber is fed the pumping wave and single signal photon. The focus of attention is on three cases: when the signal photon propagates in the fiber without generating of biphotons; when the photon pair is generated; and when the photon is lost in the fiber. We also consider the cascade processes, but do not give them an analytical description because of their smallness. Description of the biphotons generation process we provide using the Schrodinger-type equation, and take into account the losses in the fiber through the introduction of the virtual beam splitters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the generation of photon pairs through parametric processes.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/741/1/012133

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We describe theoretically the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in quadratic nonlinear waveguide arrays in the presence of linear loss. We derive a set of discrete Schr\"odinger-type equations for the biphoton wave function and the wave function of one photon when the other photon in a pair is lost. We demonstrate effects arising from loss-affected interference between the generated photon pairs and show that nonlinear waveguide arrays can serve as a robust loss-tolerant integrated platform for the generation of entangled photon states with nonclassical spatial correlations.
We present a theoretical and experimental study of the generation of photon pairs through the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a few-mode, birefringent fiber. Under these conditions, multiple SFWM processes are in fact possible, each associated with a different combination of transverse modes for the four waves involved. We show that in the weakly guiding regime, for which the propagation modes may be well approximated by linearly polarized modes, the departure from circular symmetry due to the fiber birefringence translates into conservation rules, which retain elements from azimuthal and rectangular symmetries: both OAM and parity must be conserved for a process to be viable. We have implemented a SFWM source based on a bowtie birefringent fiber, and have measured for a collection of pump wavelengths the SFWM spectra of each of the signal and idler photons in coincidence with its partner photon. We have used this information, together with knowledge of the transverse modes into which the signal and idler photons are emitted, as input for a genetic algorithm, which accomplishes two tasks: (i) the identification of the particular SFWM processes that are present in the source, and (ii) the characterization of the fiber used.
In this work we present a theoretical model that takes into account the impact of loss in the generation of photon-pairs through the four-wave mixing process in a highly nonlinear waveguide. Moreover, we also include in the theoretical model the Raman scattering that occurs inside that waveguide. Results indicate that, the bandwidth over which we can efficiently generate correlated photon-pairs is limited by both the phase-matching condition and the Raman scattering process. Results indicate that, in a non-negligible loss regime the presence of the loss coefficient tends to improve the degree of correlation between the photon-pairs generated inside the waveguide.
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