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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Slow and stored light in amplifying four way mixing process

B. Zlatković, Aleksandar J. Krmpot, I. S. Radojičić, D. Arsenović, Milan Minic, B. M. Jelenković

Published Jul 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated experimentally and theoretically four-wave mixing (FWM) in hot potassium vapor as a medium for producing slow and store light. Two pump and a single probe photon were mixed in double-Λ system, characterized by parametric amplification of coupled co-propagating probe and conjugate beams. We have observed very high gains of probe and conjugate, up to 60 and 80 respectively, at two photon Raman resonance, under large one photon detuning, and high K-cell temperature. Using an amplifying medium to alleviate the absorption and distortion of propagating pulses are important for slow-light propagation. We observed ultraslow propagation of probe and conjugate pulses under conditions when parametric amplification of twin beams is well below their maximum values. A fractional delays of close to 5 at a gain ∼1.5, for the probe pulse of 20 ns, have been achieved simultaneously for both probe and accompanying conjugate pulse. FWM mixing process under conditions of the experiment results in broadening of twin beams, close to observed delays.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2016.7550577

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2015•2 citations
We have investigated experimentally and theoretically four-wave mixing (FWM) in hot potassium vapor as a medium for producing slow and store light. Two pump and a single probe photon were mixed in double-Λ system, characterized by parametric amplification of coupled co-propagating probe and conjugate beams. We have observed very high gains of probe and conjugate, up to 60 and 80 respectively, at two photon Raman resonance, under large one photon detuning, and high K-cell temperature. Using an amplifying medium to alleviate the absorption and distortion of propagating pulses are important for slow-light propagation. We observed ultraslow propagation of probe and conjugate pulses under conditions when parametric amplification of twin beams is well below their maximum values. A fractional delays of close to 5 at a gain ∼1.5, for the probe pulse of 20 ns, have been achieved simultaneously for both probe and accompanying conjugate pulse. FWM mixing process under conditions of the experiment results in broadening of twin beams, close to observed delays.
We experimentally and theoretically study propagation of 80-ns Gaussian-like probe pulses in hot potassium vapor under conditions of four-wave mixing (FWM). The atomic scheme for FWM is off-resonant, double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ atomic scheme, with pump and probe photons, mediated in the K vapor, generating new probe and conjugate photons. We define the subset of FWM parameters, one-photon pump detuning, two-photon pump-probe Raman detuning, vapor density, the pump Rabi frequencies, when slowed pulses exit the vapor are also Gaussian-like. When Gaussian-like pulses exit the cell we are able to compare theoretical and experimental results for fractional delays and broadening for the probe and conjugate. We have obtained fractional delays above 1. Results of the model are compared with the experiment, with and without the model of Doppler averaging, when the atom velocity distribution is divided into different number of groups. We analyze possible causes for pulse broadening and distortion of slowed probe pulses and show that they are the result of quite different behavior of the probe pulse in the FWM vapor. Besides presenting the first results of slowing 80-ns probe pulses, this work is a useful test of the numerical model and values of parameters taken in the model that are not known in experiments.
We investigate both theoretically and experimentally four-wave mixing (FWM) in hot potassium vapor, generated by a copropagating pump and probe in an off-resonant double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ system, and present conditions when this atomic system is (1) a strong phase-insensitive parametric amplifier and (2) a source of large-amplitude squeezing. Theoretically, nonperturbative numerical calculations of optical Bloch-Maxwell equations have been solved for a four-level atomic system of K in order to derive the atomic polarization and then amplitudes of propagating optical waves, pump, probe, and conjugate. For potassium, to our knowledge, there are no such comparisons of theoretical and experimental results of gains of twin beams under the large range of FWM parameters as presented here. Results have shown that one-photon detuning has to be slightly larger than the Doppler broadened transition for large gains and strong squeezing. The gain is particularly large for small red two-photon detuning ($\ensuremath{-}2--6\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$) and high K density ($5.5--10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$). Following experimentally and theoretically determined relation between gains, probe transmissions, and squeezing in Rb and Cs, we have found parameters of FWM when maximum squeezing in hot K vapor is expected.
We present an experimental study on ultraslow propagation of matched optical pulses in nondegenerate four wave mixing (FWM) in hot potassium vapor. The main figures of merit, i.e. fractional delay and fractional broadening, are determined to be 1.1 and 1.2, respectively. The latter two are approximately constant for the broad range of the two photon detuning. Input probe pulses between 20 ns and 120 ns can be delayed within broad range of the gain. The results are compared with the preceding works for Rb and Na.
In this study we show the results for parametric non-degenerate four wave mixing (FWM) obtained using double lambda scheme at D1 line in hot potassium vapor. We have investigated the influence of one-photon detuning and two-photon detuning on the FWM gain. The laser frequency is locked at approximately 1GHz from the resonance 4S1/2 Fg=1 -< 4P1/2, using external reference cavity. The probe beam passes through acoustooptic modulator that enables controllable detuning around 460 MHz (ground state hyperfine splitting) in respect to the pump beam. The vacuum glass cell containing the potassium vapor was heated by hot air in order to achieve necessary concentration of atoms. The efficiency of FWM process is studied by measuring the gains of the conjugate beam the probe beam, simultaneously. The maximal gain was achieved for nonzero two photon detuning.
We show analytically and numerically that a double-Lambda system, characterized by parametric amplification of cross-coupled probe and four-wave mixing pulses, is an excellent medium for producing both slow and stored light. Moreover, this system can compensate for the absorption and broadening processes that usually occur without destroying the coherent properties of the medium. The stored probe signal pulse is written by means of a simple Lambda system and is retrieved and amplified, at the same frequency, by a double-Lambda system that also produces a pulse at the four-wave mixing frequency.
Based on the far off-resonant four-wave mixing process, the slow light propagations of the amplified probe and generated conjugate pulses are obtained experimentally. Simultaneous manipulations of group velocity are realized by changing the two-photon detuning between the pump light and the probe light. The dependences of gains of the injected probe and generated conjugate light on the one-photon detuning for continuous wave mode are studied at different cesium vapor temperatures and pump light powers. It is shown that the maximum of gains occurs at the proper Raman one-photon detuning. The dependence of delay time on the two-photon detuning is measured using the 6 μs and 365 ns probe pulses, respectively. For the 6 μs input probe pulse, the maximum delay times of the probe and the conjugate pulses are 2.1 μs and 1.9 μs with the fractional delays of 0.35 and 0.32, respectively, corresponding to 0.000119 c and 0.000132 c group velocity. The high fractional delays of 2.07 and 1.83 with the maximum delay times of 756 ns and 670 ns for the 365 ns input pulse are obtained.