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Quantum Information Processing

Two-photon phase gate with linear optical elements and atom–cavity system

Yi‐Hao Kang, Yan Xia, Pei-Min Lu

Published Sep 1, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-016-1429-2

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We study optical gate array of KLM model of quantum computer for C-Sign operator, which contains linear elements and two nonlinear phase shifts. Linear elements and photon counting are taken to be ideal, whereas nonlinear phase shifts are subject of realistic and unavoidable factors of decoherence: the immediate photon leak from cavities and mediated leakage with the atom, which flies out of the cavity and plays the role of ancilla. We use JC model with Lindblad master equation to estimate the dependence of the validity of C-Sign operator from the rate of photon leak and estimate the limitation, which this validity imposes to quantum computations.
We theoretically investigate the implementation of a quantum controlled-phase gate in a system constituted by a single atom inside an optical cavity, based on the electromagnetically induced transparency effect. First we show that a probe pulse can experience a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift due to the presence or absence of a classical control field. Considering the interplay of the cavity-EIT effect and the quantum memory process, we demonstrated a controlled-phase gate between two single photons. To this end, first one needs to store a (control) photon in the ground atomic states. In the following, a second (target) photon must impinge on the atom-cavity system. Depending on the atomic state, this second photon will be either transmitted or reflected, acquiring different phase shifts. This protocol can then be easily extended to multiphoton systems, i.e., keeping the control photon stored, it may induce phase shifts in several single photons, thus enabling the generation of multipartite entangled states. We explore the relevant parameter space in the atom-cavity system that allows the implementation of quantum controlled-phase gates using the recent technologies. In particular, we have found a lower bound for the cooperativity of the atom-cavity system which enables the implementation of phase shift on single photons. The induced shift on the phase of a photonic qubit and the controlled-phase gate between single photons, combined with optical devices, enable one to perform universal quantum computation.