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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Trap losses due to near-resonant Rydberg dressing of cold atomic gases

B. J. DeSalvo, J. A. Aman, F. B. Dunning, T. C. Killian, S. Yoshida, Joachim Burgdörfer

Published Sep 7, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Studies of near-resonant dressing of cold strontium gases and BECs held in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with the 30 3 S 1 Rydberg state reveal that, even when well detuned from resonance, such dressing can lead to a rapid decrease in the ground state atom population in the trap. This decrease is attributed to Rydberg atom excitation, which can trigger direct escape from the trap and population of long-lived metastable states.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/635/9/092024

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Studies of near-resonant dressing of cold strontium gases and BECs held in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with the 30 3 S 1 Rydberg state reveal that, even when well detuned from resonance, such dressing can lead to a rapid decrease in the ground state atom population in the trap. This decrease is attributed to Rydberg atom excitation, which can trigger direct escape from the trap and population of long-lived metastable states.
The near-resonant dressing of cold strontium gases and Bose-Einstein condensates contained in an optical dipole trap (ODT) with the 5s30s3S15s30s^{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}3}S_{1}5s30s3S1​ Rydberg state is investigated as a function of the effective two-photon Rabi frequency, detuning, and dressing time. The measurements demonstrate that a rapid decrease in the ground-state atom population in the ODT occurs even for weak dressing and when well detuned from resonance. This decrease is attributed to Rydberg atom excitation, which can lead to direct escape from the trap and to population of very long-lived 5s5p3P0,25s5p^{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}3}P_{0,2}5s5p3P0,2​ metastable states. The effects of interactions between Rydberg atoms, including those populated by blackbody radiation, are analyzed. The work has important implications when considering the use of Rydberg dressing to control the interactions between dressed ground-state atoms.
This thesis describes Rydberg spectroscopy and dressing experiments in an ultracold strontium gas. The strontium atoms are cooled to sub-uK temperatures in a narrowline magneto-optical trap, where Rydberg atoms are created using a two-photon excitation scheme. This required the development of a high-power ultraviolet laser system at 319 nm. The laser has a large tuning range for access to triplet Rydberg states from principal quantum numbers of 35 to > 300. By performing Rydberg spectroscopy in a magneto-optical trap, we show that narrow spectra can be obtained where the line centre is determined to ~ 10 kHz. A frequency comb is then employed to make absolute frequency measurements of optical transitions to accuracies of < 2 MHz. Techniques are outlined for improving the accuracy further, showing that overall uncertainties on the order of 10 kHz can be obtained. The reliable measurement of Rydberg levels is important for studying the variation in quantum defect across Rydberg series, and hence improving the accuracy of atomic models. In this work we also develop a novel system in which to realise Rydberg dressing. By resonantly coupling the excited state of the cooling transition to a high lying Rydberg state, we create a Rydberg-dressed magneto-optical trap. We demonstrate that the atoms acquire Rydberg properties, while undergoing continuous cooling at ~ 1 uK. The lifetime of the trap is proved to be sufficiently long to observe interactions, however the interaction strength is currently limited by the non-uniform spatial profile of the dressing beam. Straightforward methods to overcome this limitation are presented. As such this work should lead to future experiments, whereby tuneable long-range interactions can be observed in the dynamics of the dressed magneto-optical trap.
Abstract Long ground-Rydberg coherence lifetime is interesting for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic gates, many-body physics, and other quantum information protocols. However, the potential formed by a conventional far-off-resonance red-detuned optical-dipole trap (ODT) is usually repulsive for Rydberg atoms, which will result in fast atom loss and low repetition rate of the experimental sequence. These issues can be addressed by a magic ODT. We performed the calculation of ODT’s magic detuning for confinement of ground-state and Rydberg-state cesium atoms with the same potential well. We used a sum-over-states method to calculate the dynamic polarizabilities of 6S 1/2 ground state and highly-excited ( n S 1/2 and n P 3/2 ) Rydberg state of cesium atoms, and identify corresponding magic detuning for optical wavelengths in the range of 850–1950 nm. We estimated the trapping lifetime of cesium Rydberg atoms confined in the magic ODT by including different dissipative mechanisms. Furthermore, we have experimentally realized an 1879.43 nm single-frequency laser system with a watt-level output power for setting up the magic ODT for 6S 1/2 ground-state and 84P 3/2 Rydberg-state cesium cold atoms.
We study atoms in optical lattices whose electronic ground state is off-resonantly coupled to a highly excited state with strong binary interactions. We present a time-dependent treatment of the resulting quantum dynamics, which---contrary to recent predictions [Li, Ates, and Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 213005 (2013)]---proves that the strong repulsion between the weakly admixed Rydberg states does not lead to atomic trap loss. This finding provides an important basis for creating and manipulating coherent long-range interactions in optical lattice experiments.
Cold, dense Rydberg gases produced in a cold-atom trap are investigated using spectroscopic methods and time-resolved electron counting. Optical excitation on the discrete Rydberg resonances reveals long-lasting electron emission from the Rydberg gas ( >20 ms). Our observations are explained by lm-mixing collisions between Rydberg atoms and slow electrons that lead to the population of long-lived high-angular-momentum Rydberg states. These atoms thermally ionize slowly and with large probabilities.
Cold, dense Rydberg gases produced in a cold-atom trap are investigated using spectroscopic methods and time-resolved electron counting. On the discrete Rydberg resonances we observe large trap losses and long lasting electron emission from the Rydberg gas (>30ms). Our observations are explained by quasi-elastic l-mixing collisions between Rydberg atoms and slow electrons that lead to the population of long-lived high-angular-momentum Rydberg states. These atoms thermally ionize slowly and with large probabilities, leading to the observed effects.