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Multidimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Single Side Pulse and Single Side Band Modulation Multiplexing

O.L. Guerreau

Published Nov 22, 2005• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum Cryptography enables secret distribution between remotes parties where classical communications fail. The proposed technique uses optical signal modulation to encode information with relative phase difference between frequency separated signals. The single side band detection scheme (SSB) enables efficient secret key distribution. The system security is guaranteed with a strong reference protocol. One can use a fainted laser source without security breach for any distance. A second proposed technique uses relative phase difference between time separated pulses. The single side pulse detection scheme (SSP) enables efficient secret key distribution and benefits the same security features as the SSB system. Both SSP and SSB may be multiplexed to increase the secure bit rate. The maximizing initial average energy is then one photon per pulse. The implemented SSB protocol includes an autocompensation system for the optical path fluctuations that make the system robust over long time periods.

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Quantum Cryptography enables secret distribution between remotes parties where classical communications fail. The proposed technique uses optical signal modulation to encode information with relative phase difference between frequency separated signals. The single side band detection scheme (SSB) enables efficient secret key distribution. The system security is guaranteed with a strong reference protocol. One can use a fainted laser source without security breach for any distance. A second proposed technique uses relative phase difference between time separated pulses. The single side pulse detection scheme (SSP) enables efficient secret key distribution and benefits the same security features as the SSB system. Both SSP and SSB may be multiplexed to increase the secure bit rate. The maximizing initial average energy is then one photon per pulse. The implemented SSB protocol includes an autocompensation system for the optical path fluctuations that make the system robust over long time periods.
We report a long-distance, polarization insensitive, quantum key distribution scheme using single-sideband (SSB) detection. The method uses an amplitude modulation to transmit photon in sidebands. The system acts as a fainted laser diode whose information quantum state is encoded in the phase difference between the main peak and its sidebands. Using the dispersion properties of the fiber, the relative phase between interacting quantum states can be reliably controlled by sending a reference signal over the physical link that transmits the quantum signal. Therefore, photon detection can be performed very accurately over long distances. Stability of the synchronization technique with respect to optical path variation is also discussed. The reconciliation process uses a LAN connection as public channel. Experiments were carried out in the C-band telecom window (1550 nm), over a 40-km standard single-mode fiber spool as well as over a 10-km deployed fiber.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology that allows two users to communicate with theoretically perfect security using standard optical fibres. This is possible by transmitting the key on single photons, meaning a measurement by an eavesdropper disturbs the system in a way observable to the legitimate parties. The technology has advanced since the first protocol proposed in 1984, to the stage where there are now many protocols that can be experimentally implemented. These protocols have allowed secure keys to be generated over distances greater than 400 km and with secure key rates over 10 Mbit/s. In a metropolitan QKD network, it would be desirable for as many users to be connected as possible. Unfortunately, each protocol comes with different requirements on the transmitter and receiver. Even within a single protocol, different clock rates can require individualised transmitter and receiver hardware. This prohibits users from communicating with all receivers, unless they have complex transmitters with hardware for many protocols. This thesis develops a transmitter for practical QKD that is able to adapt to a number of different protocols with no changes to the hardware. The transmitter works using optical injection locking, where a pulse preparation laser adopts the phase of a phase preparation laser. Controlling the phase and intensity of the pulses in this way removes the side channel ordinarily present with direct modulation, in that the phase, intensity and frequency simultaneously change in response to an applied current. The cavity-enhanced electro-optic effect allows for the first demonstration of sub-volt half-wave phase modulation at high clock rates. The transmitter successfully demonstrates phase encoding, intensity encoding and on-demand phase randomisation. This allows for the experimental realisation and direct comparison of different QKD protocols, including one that has never before been implemented due to experimental complexity. A stable intensity modulator is also developed, based on a Sagnac interferometer. This removes a side channel in QKD systems and integrates well with the directly-modulated quantum transmitter. This development also means that the transmitter can implement all current two-party QKD protocols based on weak coherent pulses. The transmitter has the potential to become the standard transmitter for future quantum communication networks due to its stability, versatility and power efficiency. The design could also be demonstrated on a photonic chip, making it compact enough to fit in small transmitter units.
Quantum key distribution is used for secure communication between two parties for generation of secret key. Differential Phase Shift Quantum Key Distribution is a new and unique QKD protocol that is different from traditional ones, providing simplicity and practicality. This paper presents Delay Selected DPS-QKD scheme in which it uses a weak coherent pulse train, and features simple configuration and efficient use of the time domain. All detected photon participate to form a secure key bits and resulting in a higher key creation efficiency.