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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Enhanced throughput for QKD: a multiplexed approach

O.L. Guerreau, F.J. Malassenet, S.W. McLaughlin

Published Jul 1, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a new time-domain polarization-insensitive quantum key distribution scheme using single-side pulse detection. The system includes a strong reference that makes it secure against the PNS attack while using a fainted laser as a single photon source. It is possible to multiplex this scheme with the single sideband (SSB) technique. The resulting secure bit rate is then doubled allowing secure bit rate enhancement

DOI
10.1109/jstqe.2006.876594

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We report a new time-domain polarization-insensitive quantum key distribution scheme using single-side pulse detection. The system includes a strong reference that makes it secure against the PNS attack while using a fainted laser as a single photon source. It is possible to multiplex this scheme with the single sideband (SSB) technique. The resulting secure bit rate is then doubled allowing secure bit rate enhancement
Quantum Cryptography enables secret distribution between remotes parties where classical communications fail. The proposed technique uses optical signal modulation to encode information with relative phase difference between frequency separated signals. The single side band detection scheme (SSB) enables efficient secret key distribution. The system security is guaranteed with a strong reference protocol. One can use a fainted laser source without security breach for any distance. A second proposed technique uses relative phase difference between time separated pulses. The single side pulse detection scheme (SSP) enables efficient secret key distribution and benefits the same security features as the SSB system. Both SSP and SSB may be multiplexed to increase the secure bit rate. The maximizing initial average energy is then one photon per pulse. The implemented SSB protocol includes an autocompensation system for the optical path fluctuations that make the system robust over long time periods.
We report a long-distance, polarization insensitive, quantum key distribution scheme using single-sideband (SSB) detection. The method uses an amplitude modulation to transmit photon in sidebands. The system acts as a fainted laser diode whose information quantum state is encoded in the phase difference between the main peak and its sidebands. Using the dispersion properties of the fiber, the relative phase between interacting quantum states can be reliably controlled by sending a reference signal over the physical link that transmits the quantum signal. Therefore, photon detection can be performed very accurately over long distances. Stability of the synchronization technique with respect to optical path variation is also discussed. The reconciliation process uses a LAN connection as public channel. Experiments were carried out in the C-band telecom window (1550 nm), over a 40-km standard single-mode fiber spool as well as over a 10-km deployed fiber.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables secure key exchange, based on fundamental laws of quantum mechanics [1] . There exist various protocols which are mathematically proven to be secure, however, for an actual implementation vulnerabilities, due to non-ideal components, must be considered. For example, the usage of faint lasers instead of single-photon sources undermines the security, as even for mean photon numbers per pulse µ ≪ 1 there is a non-vanishing probability of emitting multiple photons. The decoy protocol [2] , [3] offers a countermeasure. When randomly switching between two or more different pulse intensity levels, by exploiting their non-orthogonality, the so-called photon number splitting (PNS) attack can be revealed.