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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Decoherence of orbital angular momentum tangled photons in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

Xiang Yan, Peng F. Zhang, Jing H. Zhang, H. Qiao Chun, Cheng Fan

Published Aug 23, 2016• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) entangled photons propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are studied by numerical simulations. Here, the paper uses the multiphase screen model, especially focusing on the influences of the azimuthal mode and the turbulence parameters (i.e., the generalized exponent, the outer scale of turbulence, and the inner scale of turbulence) on entanglement evolution in the weak scintillation regime. The results indicate that the azimuthal mode, the generalized exponent, and the outer scale of turbulence have obvious influences on OAM entanglement. However, the influence of the turbulence inner scale on OAM entanglement can be ignored.

DOI
10.1364/josaa.33.001831

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The decay of OAM entanglement in non-Kolmogorov turbulence has been numerically evaluated. In this work, we explore the evolution of OAM entanglement with higher-order OAM mode in the weak scintillation regime. In particular, the results of the numerical evaluation show that the OAM entanglement state with higher value of the azimuthal mode and larger radial quantum number survives over a longer distance. Meanwhile, the beam parameters and turbulence parameters usually have significant influences on OAM entanglement. In addition, it is demonstrated that the effect of turbulence on the OAM entanglement is the most serious when the generalized exponent is around 3.07.
Abstract The decoherence of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement in the weak scintillation regime has been investigated. In this study, we simulate atmospheric turbulence by utilizing a multiple-phase screen imprinted with anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence. The entanglement negativity and fidelity are introduced to quantify the entanglement of a high-dimensional OAM state. The numerical evaluation results indicate that entanglement negativity and fidelity last longer for a high-dimensional OAM state when the azimuthal mode has a lower value. Additionally, the evolution of higher-dimensional OAM entanglement is significantly influenced by OAM beam parameters and turbulence parameters. Compared to isotropic atmospheric turbulence, anisotropic turbulence has a lesser influence on high-dimensional OAM entanglement.
Abstract The entangled orbital angular momentum (OAM) photons propagating across a weakly turbulent atmosphere are investigated. Here, the paper uses the single-phase screen model based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence, and focuses on the influence of the backward scattering on OAM evolution. The results indicate that backward scattering plays an important role in the analysis of OAM entanglement evolution in the turbulent atmosphere. It cannot be negligible especially for higher-order OAM mode. Moreover, when OAM mode is greater than 4, entangled photon pairs composed of higher OAM modes are not more robust in turbulence within the weak scintillation regime. These results will be useful in future investigations of OAM-based optical wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere.
The turbulence-induced decay of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) entanglement between two photons is investigated numerically and experimentally. To compare our results with previous work, we simulate the turbulent atmosphere with a single phase screen based on the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. We consider two different scenarios: in the first only one of the two photons propagates through turbulence, and in the second both photons propagate through uncorrelated turbulence. Comparing the entanglement evolution for different OAM values, we found the entanglement to be more robust in turbulence for higher OAM values. We derive an empirical formula for the distance scale at which entanglement decays in terms of the scale parameters and the OAM value.
Two photonic qubits, initially maximally entangled in OAM modes of Hermite-Gaussian HG vortex beam, propagating through non-Kolmogorov turbulence are investigated numerically. The influences of turbulence parameter (i.e., the generalized exponent, the outer scale of turbulence, and the inner scale of turbulence) and OAM values on the entanglement evolution of two photon are investigated and compared with those of the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. The results indicate that the OAM entanglement to be more robust in turbulence for the higher OAM values, the higher generalized exponent. Moreover, the influence of the turbulence inner scale and outer scale on OAM entanglement can be ignored. The OAM entanglement of HG vortex beam is better than the OAM entanglement of LG beam for resisting the entanglement decoherence of atmosphere turbulence under the same conditions.
When a pair of photons that are entangled in terms of their transverse modes, such as an orbital angular momentum (OAM) basis, propagates through atmospheric turbulence, the scintillation causes a decay of the entanglement. Here, we use numerical simulations to study how this decoherence process depends on the various dimension parameters of the system. The relevant dimension parameters are the propagation distance, the wavelength, the beam radius, and the refractive index structure constant, indicating the strength of the turbulence. We show that beyond the weak scintillation regime, the entanglement evolution cannot be accurately modeled by a single phase screen that is specified by a single dimensionless parameter. Two dimensionless parameters are necessary to describe the OAM entanglement evolution. Furthermore, it is found that higher OAM modes are not more robust in turbulence beyond the weak scintillation regime.