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Annals of Physics

Environment and initial state engineered dynamics of quantum and classical correlations

Chengzhi Wang, Chun-Xian Li, Yu Jing Guo, Gengbiao Lu, Kai-He Ding

Published Aug 24, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2016.08.014

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We study the dynamics of a two-level atom interacting with a Lorentzian structured reservoir considering initial system-environment correlations. It is shown that under strong system-reservoir coupling the dynamics of purity can determine whether there are initial correlations between the system and the environment. Moreover, we investigate the interaction of two two-level atoms with the same reservoir. In this case, we show that, besides determining if there are initial system-environment correlations, the dynamics of the purity of the atomic system allows the identification of the distinct correlated initial states. In addition, the dynamics of quantum and classical correlations is analyzed.
The Mpemba effect (ME)—where hot systems cool faster than colder ones—has intrigued both classical and quantum thermodynamics. Compared to classical systems, quantum systems add complexity due to quantum correlations. Recent works have explored anomalous relaxation and Mpemba-like effects in several quantum systems, considering isolated systems at zero temperature or open systems in contact with reservoirs under Markovian or non-Markovian dynamics. However, these models typically assume an initial unentangled system–bath state, overlooking the role of initial system–environment correlations. Here we propose a type of quantum ME, distinct from the strong ME, originating solely from initial system–bath entanglement. It is shown that the degree of initial entanglement significantly influences the early relaxation dynamics, with certain conditions causing backflow and retarded thermalization. As an example, we investigate the spontaneous emission of a two-level atom in a photonic waveguide at zero temperature, where an initial atom-photon entangled state results in delayed relaxation and a pronounced ME. These findings highlight the crucial role of quantum correlations in thermalization processes and open new avenues for identifying and engineering quantum Mpemba phenomena. Controlling relaxation dynamics through system–environment entanglement may have potential applications in quantum thermal machines, state initialization protocols, and quantum information processing, where precise control over thermalization is essential.