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Laser Physics

Ultradispersive prisms and narrow-band tunable filters combining dispersion of atomic resonances and photonic band-gap structures

Aleksandr N. Naumov, Richard B. Miles, P. F. Barker, Aleksei M. Zheltikov

Published Mar 1, 2000• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It is shown that the combination of resonance-enhanced dispersion of an atomic or molecular gas with the dispersion of a photonic band-gap (PBG) structure gives rise to new features in the dispersion and transmission of a hybrid resonant gas/PBG system, including the appearance of narrow passbands in the hand gap and stop bands outside the band gap, as well as the enhancement of the dispersion of the structure within a narrow spectral range. The possibility of creating narrow-passband and narrow-stopband filters and ultrarefractive prisms combining the dispersion properties of resonant gases and PBG structures is demonstrated. Transmissive and dispersive properties of gas-filled PBG structures can be controlled by varying the gas pressure and by tuning the band gap with respect to the frequency of an atomic or molecular resonance in a gas. Gas-filled two-dimensional PBG structures can be used for numerous high-resolution and high-precision spectroscopic applications, as well as for spectrally resolved Raman imaging of gas flows and plasmas.

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Physical Review A•Jan 20, 2015•19 citations
It is shown that the combination of resonance-enhanced dispersion of an atomic or molecular gas with the dispersion of a photonic band-gap (PBG) structure gives rise to new features in the dispersion and transmission of a hybrid resonant gas/PBG system, including the appearance of narrow passbands in the hand gap and stop bands outside the band gap, as well as the enhancement of the dispersion of the structure within a narrow spectral range. The possibility of creating narrow-passband and narrow-stopband filters and ultrarefractive prisms combining the dispersion properties of resonant gases and PBG structures is demonstrated. Transmissive and dispersive properties of gas-filled PBG structures can be controlled by varying the gas pressure and by tuning the band gap with respect to the frequency of an atomic or molecular resonance in a gas. Gas-filled two-dimensional PBG structures can be used for numerous high-resolution and high-precision spectroscopic applications, as well as for spectrally resolved Raman imaging of gas flows and plasmas.
The crystal under consideration is a layered structure consisting of alternating layers of two materials, one of which is a resonantly absorbing gas. It is shown that the combination of the dispersion of an atomic gas with the dispersion of a photonic-bandgap structures allows one to efficiently control the transmission spectra of s - and p -polarized modes in these combined systems. It is found that the spectrum is highly sensitive to the position of the gas resonance frequency with respect to the bandgap edge and to a change in the gas pressure. The transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra of the resonant photonic crystal are studied at an angle of incidence equal to the Brewster angle of a seed photonic crystal. Possible applications of the found particular features of the dispersion of resonant photonic crystals are discussed.
The transmission spectra of two-dimensional resonant photonic crystals of two types have been investigated. Crystals of one type consist of dielectric cylinders forming a square lattice filled by a resonant gas with mercury atoms, and crystals of the other type consist of cylindrical holes filled with a gas and forming a square lattice in a dielectric matrix. It has been established that characteristics of the spectrum of additional transmission arising in the band gap of the photonic crystal can be changed significantly by varying the gas pressure and the angle of incidence. It has been demonstrated that the calculated features in the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal are stable with respect to a significant increase in the width of the atomic resonance.
We study a hybrid system consisting of a narrow-band atomic optical resonance and the long-range periodic order of an opaline photonic nanostructure. To this end, we have infiltrated atomic cesium vapor in a thin silica opal photonic crystal. With increasing temperature, the frequencies of the opal's reflectivity peaks shift down by >20>20%>20 due to chemical reduction of the silica. Simultaneously, the photonic bands and gaps shift relative to the fixed near-infrared cesium D1{D}_{1}D1​ transitions. As a result the narrow atomic resonances with high finesse $(\ensuremath{\omega}/\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}=8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5})$ dramatically change shape from a usual dispersive shape at the blue edge of a stop gap, to an inverted dispersion line shape at the red edge of a stop gap. The line shape, amplitude, and off-resonance reflectivity are well modeled with a transfer-matrix model that includes the dispersion and absorption of Cs hyperfine transitions and the chemically reduced opal. An ensemble of atoms in a photonic crystal is an intriguing hybrid system that features narrow defectlike resonances with a strong dispersion, with potential applications in slow light, sensing, and optical memory.
We studied the specular and nonspecular remittances and the absorptance of two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) comprising a periodic array of dielectric rods immersed in a coherent atomic gas (CAG). Illumination by obliquely incident, s-polarized plane waves was considered. Minipassbands that may include peaks of nearly complete transmission appear within the stop bands of the corresponding gas-free PCs, due to the strong frequency dispersion in the relative permittivity of the CAG. As a result, high-efficiency passbands of a gas-free PC and those arising due to the CAG can coexist. The latter can be tuned in a simpler way than by varying the constitutive parameters of the CAG, i.e., via variation of the incidence angle. In contrast with the earlier studied metallic PCs immersed in a CAG, new passbands may also appear when the CAG behaves as a medium with ultralow positive permittivity. Also, complete absorptance bands (with zero overall reflectance and overall transmittance) can be obtained, which are well correlated with the frequency-dependent characteristics of the CAG.
A two_dimensional array of resonant absorptive and dispersive medium is proposed. The transmission,reflection and absorption spectra of optical field transmitting in the structure are calculated. The photonic band gap caused by resonance(PBG), similar as the case of one_dimensional active photonic crystal, is observed. It’s found that the resonance between the border of the Brillouin zone and the resonant center of the atom in the array is the key condition for the formation of the PBG. Further discussion is carried on the study of the dependence of transmission spectrum on the structure,the resonant center and the absorption linewidth of the atoms in the array.
We study a five-level $\text{quasi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system of cold atoms for achieving high-order photonic band gaps (PBGs) probed by an ultraviolet field in two cases where either an infrared or a visible control field works in the standing-wave configuration to induce one atomic grating. Transfer-matrix calculations for appropriate rubidium levels demonstrate that three fifth-order band gaps or two second-order band gaps can be generated near the probe resonance when the standing-wave control field is modulated to satisfy relevant Bragg conditions in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. These high-order PBGs, as characterized by homogeneous high reflectivities, can be dynamically tuned in positions and widths on demand and may be extended to develop efficient devices (like diodes and reflectors) for manipulating weak high-frequency light with strong low-frequency light.