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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optical characteristics of a two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystal immersed in a coherent atomic gas

Andriy E. Serebryannikov, Akhlesh Lakhtakia

Published Feb 13, 2012• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the specular and nonspecular remittances and the absorptance of two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) comprising a periodic array of dielectric rods immersed in a coherent atomic gas (CAG). Illumination by obliquely incident, s-polarized plane waves was considered. Minipassbands that may include peaks of nearly complete transmission appear within the stop bands of the corresponding gas-free PCs, due to the strong frequency dispersion in the relative permittivity of the CAG. As a result, high-efficiency passbands of a gas-free PC and those arising due to the CAG can coexist. The latter can be tuned in a simpler way than by varying the constitutive parameters of the CAG, i.e., via variation of the incidence angle. In contrast with the earlier studied metallic PCs immersed in a CAG, new passbands may also appear when the CAG behaves as a medium with ultralow positive permittivity. Also, complete absorptance bands (with zero overall reflectance and overall transmittance) can be obtained, which are well correlated with the frequency-dependent characteristics of the CAG.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.000328

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Wideband switchable diode-like transmission can be exhibited by an asymmetric dielectric photonic crystal, when the host medium is changed from air to a coherent atomic gas (CAG), a strongly dispersive medium. Significant modification of diffraction-enabled one-way transmission due to the CAG is possible in both frequency and incidence-angle domains in the short-wave infrared regime. In particular, new one-way and high-contrast passbands, which are as much as 1.0 THz in bandwidth, can appear at fixed incidence angle within a stop band of the CAG-free structure and tuned by varying the oscillator strength of the CAG. These passbands correspond to relatively small, either positive or negative, values of the dielectric susceptibility of the CAG.

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International Journal of Modern Physics B•Aug 11, 2017•0 citations
We studied the specular and nonspecular remittances and the absorptance of two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) comprising a periodic array of dielectric rods immersed in a coherent atomic gas (CAG). Illumination by obliquely incident, s-polarized plane waves was considered. Minipassbands that may include peaks of nearly complete transmission appear within the stop bands of the corresponding gas-free PCs, due to the strong frequency dispersion in the relative permittivity of the CAG. As a result, high-efficiency passbands of a gas-free PC and those arising due to the CAG can coexist. The latter can be tuned in a simpler way than by varying the constitutive parameters of the CAG, i.e., via variation of the incidence angle. In contrast with the earlier studied metallic PCs immersed in a CAG, new passbands may also appear when the CAG behaves as a medium with ultralow positive permittivity. Also, complete absorptance bands (with zero overall reflectance and overall transmittance) can be obtained, which are well correlated with the frequency-dependent characteristics of the CAG.
Wideband switchable diode-like transmission can be exhibited by an asymmetric dielectric photonic crystal, when the host medium is changed from air to a coherent atomic gas (CAG), a strongly dispersive medium. Significant modification of diffraction-enabled one-way transmission due to the CAG is possible in both frequency and incidence-angle domains in the short-wave infrared regime. In particular, new one-way and high-contrast passbands, which are as much as 1.0 THz in bandwidth, can appear at fixed incidence angle within a stop band of the CAG-free structure and tuned by varying the oscillator strength of the CAG. These passbands correspond to relatively small, either positive or negative, values of the dielectric susceptibility of the CAG.
The transmission spectra of two-dimensional resonant photonic crystals of two types have been investigated. Crystals of one type consist of dielectric cylinders forming a square lattice filled by a resonant gas with mercury atoms, and crystals of the other type consist of cylindrical holes filled with a gas and forming a square lattice in a dielectric matrix. It has been established that characteristics of the spectrum of additional transmission arising in the band gap of the photonic crystal can be changed significantly by varying the gas pressure and the angle of incidence. It has been demonstrated that the calculated features in the transmission spectrum of the photonic crystal are stable with respect to a significant increase in the width of the atomic resonance.
Abstract Asymmetry in a regular dielectric photonic crystal of finite thickness created by periodically altering one of its two pupils results in the exhibition of diode‐like passbands that can be switched on/off by injecting/removing a coherent atomic gas.The diode‐like operation is accompanied by diffraction‐enabled deflection of the transmitted wave, within a stop band of the gas‐free structure. Alteration of the oscillator strength can be used to engineer the passband characteristics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1248–1250, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27562
The crystal under consideration is a layered structure consisting of alternating layers of two materials, one of which is a resonantly absorbing gas. It is shown that the combination of the dispersion of an atomic gas with the dispersion of a photonic-bandgap structures allows one to efficiently control the transmission spectra of s - and p -polarized modes in these combined systems. It is found that the spectrum is highly sensitive to the position of the gas resonance frequency with respect to the bandgap edge and to a change in the gas pressure. The transmission, reflection, and absorption spectra of the resonant photonic crystal are studied at an angle of incidence equal to the Brewster angle of a seed photonic crystal. Possible applications of the found particular features of the dispersion of resonant photonic crystals are discussed.
The lifetime distribution functions of the spontaneous emission (SE) of the excited atoms embedded in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) with square lattice, consisting of square air rods in dielectric medium with different filling factors, are calculated by using the plane wave expansion method. The numerical results show that the SE in the 2D PCs cannot be prohibited completely but it can be inhibited intensively by the pseudo-PBG of the PCs. In the pseudoband edges, the SE is accelerated obviously. The reduced average lifetime of the excited atoms and the extension of the reduced lifetime distribution in the 2D PCs both are the same as those in the 3D PCs in the order of magnitude. Our results provide an available way to control the behavior of the SE by changing the structures of the 2D PCs.
We consider a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) composed of double-layered dielectrics. Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability of this crystal depends on the incident electromagnetic wave frequency. We suppose that three level atoms have been added to the second layer of each dielectric and this photonic crystal (PC) has been doped. These atoms can be added to the layer with different rates. In this paper, we have calculated and compared the band structure of the mentioned PC considering the effect of added atoms to the second layer with different rates through the Fresnel coefficients method. We find out that according to the effective medium theory, the electric permittivity of the second layer changes. Also the band structure of PC for both TE and TM polarizations changes, too. The width of bandgaps related to “zero averaged refractive index” and “Bragg” increases. Moreover, new gap branches appear in new frequencies at both TE and TM polarizations. In specific state, two branches of “zero permittivity” gap appear in the PC band structure related to TM polarization. With increasing the amount of the filling rate of total volume with three level atoms, we observe a lot of changes in the PC band structure.