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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Measurements of quantum noise in optical phase conjugation

Mary Yvonne Lanzerotti, Robert W. Schirmer, Alexander L. Gaeta

Published May 22, 1995• 0 citations
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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jan 31, 1988•0 citations
We present the results of a comprehensive investigation of the quantum-noise properties of a continuous-wave phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) formed using backward-four-wave mixing in potassium vapor. We characterize the quantum-noise properties of the PCM as functions of the vapor density, pump detuning from resonance, and relative frequency detuning of the signal beam from the probe beam. We compare the noise measurements of the PCM with the predicted noise of an ideal quantum-noise-limited PCM and determine the value of the minimum signal that can be used to perform phase conjugation with unity signal-to-noise ratio. For the range of vapor densities studied, we find that the PCM operates nearest the quantum-noise limit and that the value of the minimum signal is lowest under conditions in which the reflectivity is maximized. These results demonstrate that it is possible to perform phase conjugation with signals as weak as 14 fW with near-unity reflectivity. Our measurements are in qualitative agreement with the predictions of a quantum theory of phase conjugation via nearly degenerate four-wave mixing in a two-level system.
We show theoretically that optical phase conjugation via four-wave mixing can satisfy the quantitative criteria [Holland et al., Phys. Rev. A 42, 2995 (1990)] for performing quantum nondemolition measurements of a signal field despite the fact that this measurement scheme introduces noise into the signal field and thus does not perform a true quantum nondemolition measurement. The criteria can be satisfied under conditions in which the vacuum field injected in the rear of the phase-conjugate mirror is quadrature squeezed. Using this measurement scheme, it is possible to obtain values of the total information transfer coefficient that are as large as those that can be achieved using quantum nondemolition measurements.
An analysis is made of the task of measuring and phase conjugation of the optical field against the background of noise in the case of a priori indeterminacy of the statistical properties of the received signal. Mode expansion of a useful signal is employed to show that the optimal algorithm may be realized in at least two variants: either on the basis of multichannel heterodyne reception and phase conjugation of the filtered signal at a radio frequency or with the aid of "physical" phase conjugation methods directly at an optical frequency. Expressions are obtained for estimating the quality of the measurements and phase conjugation. It is shown that practical realization of the latter variant of the optimal algorithm may result in a significant deterioration of the potential characteristics.