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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Manipulation of light propagation in photonic crystal

Zhiyuan Yang, Amitabh Joshi, Rena J. Kasumova, Yuri V. Rostovtsev

Published Sep 11, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The propagation of probe electromagnetic waves has been investigated in a heterostructure formed by layers having linear and nonlinear optical properties. The appearance of a forbidden bandgap for the probe electromagnetic field induced by another control electromagnetic field has been shown that leads to the trapping of the probe pulse inside the structure. Switching off the control field leads to resuming the propagation of the probe pulse. Implementation of nonlinear layer has been suggested.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.002122

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The propagation of probe electromagnetic waves has been investigated in a heterostructure formed by layers having linear and nonlinear optical properties. The appearance of a forbidden bandgap for the probe electromagnetic field induced by another control electromagnetic field has been shown that leads to the trapping of the probe pulse inside the structure. Switching off the control field leads to resuming the propagation of the probe pulse. Implementation of nonlinear layer has been suggested.
When a resonance associated with electromagnetically induced transparency in an atomic ensemble is modulated by an off-resonant standing light wave, a band of frequencies can appear for which light propagation is forbidden. We show that dynamic control of such a band gap can be used to coherently convert a propagating light pulse into a stationary excitation with nonvanishing photonic component. This can be accomplished with high efficiency and negligible noise even at the level of few-photon quantum fields thereby facilitating possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information.
In this work, we investigate the possibility of superluminal and negative delay times for electromagnetic wave propagation in a linear and passive periodic structure consisting of alternating isotropic and anisotropic media. This phenomenon is due to the birefringence of the anisotropic layers of the structure. By adjusting the orientations of these layers, the delay times of transmitted waves can be controlled from subluminality to superluminality and vice versa. Numerical results indicate that the apparent superluminal propagation of light occurs inside the photonic band-gaps when the principal axes of the anisotropic layers are parallel or perpendicular to the fixed axes. For other orientations of these layers, tunneling and superluminal regimes appear inside the photonic bandgaps and in the allowed bands for frequencies close to the transmission minima. The effect of the number of unit cells of the photonic crystal structure on the propagation of light with superluminal and negative delay times is also investigated. We show that the structure exhibits the Hartman effect in which the tunneling delay time of the electromagnetic wave through the photonic band-gap of the structure converges asymptotically to a finite value with increasing the number of layers. The Green's function approach has been used to derive the transmission and reflection coefficients, the density of states, and the delay times of electromagnetic waves propagating through the structure. The control of the magnitude and the sign of the delay time of light propagation represent a key point in slow and fast light technologies. The proposed structure in this study represents a new system for controlling the delay times of wave propagation without a need of active or non-linear media as well as lossy or asymmetric periodic structures.
The history of resonance photonic crystals started with the pursuit for control over spontaneous decay in a photonic bandgap structure. Initiated by Bykov in optics, it was however implemented for the first time in the microwave domain by Yablonovitch et al. in 1991. This prediction of suppression of spontaneous emission of photons by a two-level atom turned into enhancement of optical nonlinearities, optical soliton generation and transport, and addressable light localization that is due to both structure and optically active defect created inside the crystal. This article reviews both fundamental theoretical ideas in the resonance photonic crystal with defect inside and selected experimental developments in the sense that reflects interests and expertise of the author.
A kind of photonic crystal structure with modulation of the refractive index is investigated both experimentally and theoretically for exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The combination of EIT with periodically modulated refractive index medium gives rise to high efficiency reflection as well as forbidden transmission in a three-level atomic system coupled by standing wave. We show an accurate theoretical simulation via transfer-matrix theory, automatically accounting for multilayer reflections, thus fully demonstrate the existence of photonic crystal structure in atomic vapor.