We consider a charged quantum particle moving in a two-dimensional plane in the three-dimensional coordinate space and scattering on an immovable Coulomb center in the same plane. We derive and investigate expansions of the wave function and of all radial wave functions of the particle in integer powers of the wave number and in Bessel functions of a real order. We prove that finite sums of such expansions are asymptotic in the low-energy limit.
We consider a charged quantum particle moving in a two-dimensional plane in the three-dimensional coordinate space and scattering on an immovable Coulomb center in the same plane. We derive and investigate expansions of the wave function and of all radial wave functions of the particle in integer powers of the wave number and in Bessel functions of a real order. We prove that finite sums of such expansions are asymptotic in the low-energy limit.
We prove that radial wave functions of a charged quantum particle moving in a two-dimensional plane of the three-dimensional coordinate space and scattering by a Coulomb center at rest in the same plane are governed by the Coulomb equation with a half-integer index. We investigate the structure of these functions and consider three physically interesting limits: the non-Coulomb limit and high- and low-energy limits. We explicate the basic differences between two- and three-dimensional Coulomb scattering.
A simple plane wave solution of the Schrödinger–Helmholtz equation is a quantum eigenfunction obeying both energy and linear momentum correspondence principles. Inclusion of the outgoing wave with scattering amplitude f obeys unitarity and the optical theorem. By closely considering the standard asymptotic development of the plane wave, we show that there is a problem with angular momentum when we consider forward scattering at the point of closest approach and at large impact parameter given semiclassically by ( l + 1/2)/ k where l is the azimuthal quantum number and may be large (J Leech et al , Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 257901 (2002)). The problem is resolved via non-uniform, non-standard analysis involving the Heaviside step function, unifying classical, semiclassical and quantum mechanics, and the treatment is extended to the case of pure Coulomb scattering.
The exact wave functions that describe scattering of a charged particle by a confined magnetic field (Aharonov-Bohm effect) and by a Coulomb field are analyzed. It is well known that the usual procedure of finding asymptotic forms of these functions which admit a separation into a superposition of an incident plane wave and a circular or spherical scattered wave is problematic near the forward direction. It thus appears to be impossible to express the conservation of probability by means of an optical theorem of the usual kind. Both the total cross section and the forward scattering amplitude appear to be infinite. To address these difficulties we find a new representation for the asymptotic form of the Aharonov-Bohm wave function that is valid for all angles. Rather than try to define a cross section at forward angles, however, we work instead with the probability current and find that it is quite well behaved. The same is true for Coulomb scattering. We trace the usual difficulties to a nonuniformity of limits.
We study the wave function φ(3) of three identical bosons scattering at zero energy, zero total momentum, and zero orbital angular momentum in two dimensions, interacting via short-range potentials with a finite two-body scattering length a. We derive asymptotic expansions of φ(3) in two regimes: the 111-expansion, where all three pairwise distances are large, and the 21-expansion, where one particle is far from the other two. In the 111-expansion, the leading term grows as ln3(B/a) at large hyperradius B=(s12+s22+s32)/2. At order B−2ln−3(B/a), we identify a three-body parameter D with dimension of length squared, which we term the three-body scattering area. This quantity should be contrasted with the three-body scattering area previously studied for infinite or vanishing two-body scattering length. If the two-body interaction is attractive and supports bound states, D acquires a negative imaginary part, and we derive its relation to the probability amplitudes for the production of two-body bound states in three-body collisions. Under weak modifications of the interaction potentials, we derive the corresponding shift of D in terms of φ(3) and the changes of the two-body and three-body potentials. We also study the effects of D and φ(3) on three-body and many-body physics, including the three-body ground-state energy in a large periodic volume, the many-body energy and the three-body correlation function of the dilute two-dimensional Bose gas, and the three-body recombination rates of two-dimensional ultracold atomic Bose gases.