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European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications

LiNbO3-based endless optical polarization control

R. Noé, Benjamin Koch, Vitali Mirvoda

Published Jun 1, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

LiNbO3-based endless optical polarization control features properties which electronic polarization processors of coherent optical receivers lack: Superior bandwidth, absence of O-E-O conversion, optional stabilization of normalized Stokes space and applicability for quantum key distribution. We review the state-of-the-art.
DOI
10.1109/noc.2016.7507006

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We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be geometrically interpreted using the Poincaré sphere. Remarkably, these Stokes parameters can also be applied to the quantum world, but then important differences emerge: now, because fluctuations in the number of photons are unavoidable, one is forced to work in the three-dimensional Poincaré space that can be regarded as a set of nested spheres. Additionally, higher-order moments of the Stokes variables might play a substantial role for quantum states, which is not the case for most classical Gaussian states. This brings about important differences between these two worlds that we review in detail. In particular, the classical degree of polarization produces unsatisfactory results in the quantum domain. We compare alternative quantum degrees and put forth that they order various states differently. Finally, intrinsically nonclassical states are explored, and their potential applications in quantum technologies are discussed.