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Scientia Insularum Revista de Ciencias Naturales en islas

Multipartite entanglement in harmonic oscillators subjected to dissipative quantum dynamics

Valido Flores, Antonio Aljandro

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A meaningful description of the low-energy dynamics of multipartite entanglement is provided\nfor harmonic oscillator systems in general dissipative scenarios. Without doing any\ncentral approximation, this mainly relies on a set of reasonable physical statements on the\nenvironment and system-environment interaction consistent with a linear analysis of the\nopen-system dynamics.\nWe rst investigate the inseparability properties of arbitrary entangled states, which\ngenerally entails an optimization procedure of certain functional de ned in the in nitedimensional\nHilbert space of continuous-variable systems. Using a Gaussian-like assumption\nanalogous to that used in the derivation of Gaussian entanglement of formation, we\nderive a computational-e cient form of such functional which considerable simpli es the\noptimization task. This consists on a hierarchy of separability criteria that permit in a\nuni ed way to characterize k-partite entanglement of broad classes of Gaussian and non-\nGaussian states. The strength of the criteria is proven by showing that they satisfactorily\nreproduce previous results from the theory of entanglement, like PPT criterion applied to\narbitrary two-mode and pure three-mode Gaussian states.\nThe separability criteria allow to monitor the transient evolution of multipartite entanglement\nunder the environmental in\nuence, this permitted to show that non-Gaussian\nentanglement may be as robust against harmful dissipative e ects and thermal noise as\nGaussian one. We devote special attention to the stationary properties of tripartite entanglement\nwhen the system oscillators are in contact with either a common environment\nor independent environments at initial di erent temperatures. For the former dissipative\nscheme, it is shown that the environment mediates an e ective many-party interaction with\na spatial long-range feature between system oscillators, which is able to generate tripartite\nentanglement whereas two-mode entanglement is degraded. Regarding the second scheme,\nit is illustrated that thermal non-equilibrium conditions result in a rich variety of quantum\ncorrelations, however a temperature gradient eventually destroys the entanglement shared\nby the system oscillators as a consequence of the growth of thermal noise. Finally, the\nstationary entanglement and energy current across a nite harmonic chain are studied in\ndetail by doing an extensive numerical analysis of both phenomena for a broad range of the\nparameters (i.e., temperatures, oscillator frequencies, and oscillator coupling strengths).\nOur numerical ndings are discussed in terms of the derived energy current expressions,\nthese show an explicit dependence on the two-time correlation functions (between oscillator\noperators) which carry quantum correlations.

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A meaningful description of the low-energy dynamics of multipartite entanglement is provided\nfor harmonic oscillator systems in general dissipative scenarios. Without doing any\ncentral approximation, this mainly relies on a set of reasonable physical statements on the\nenvironment and system-environment interaction consistent with a linear analysis of the\nopen-system dynamics.\nWe rst investigate the inseparability properties of arbitrary entangled states, which\ngenerally entails an optimization procedure of certain functional de ned in the in nitedimensional\nHilbert space of continuous-variable systems. Using a Gaussian-like assumption\nanalogous to that used in the derivation of Gaussian entanglement of formation, we\nderive a computational-e cient form of such functional which considerable simpli es the\noptimization task. This consists on a hierarchy of separability criteria that permit in a\nuni ed way to characterize k-partite entanglement of broad classes of Gaussian and non-\nGaussian states. The strength of the criteria is proven by showing that they satisfactorily\nreproduce previous results from the theory of entanglement, like PPT criterion applied to\narbitrary two-mode and pure three-mode Gaussian states.\nThe separability criteria allow to monitor the transient evolution of multipartite entanglement\nunder the environmental in\nuence, this permitted to show that non-Gaussian\nentanglement may be as robust against harmful dissipative e ects and thermal noise as\nGaussian one. We devote special attention to the stationary properties of tripartite entanglement\nwhen the system oscillators are in contact with either a common environment\nor independent environments at initial di erent temperatures. For the former dissipative\nscheme, it is shown that the environment mediates an e ective many-party interaction with\na spatial long-range feature between system oscillators, which is able to generate tripartite\nentanglement whereas two-mode entanglement is degraded. Regarding the second scheme,\nit is illustrated that thermal non-equilibrium conditions result in a rich variety of quantum\ncorrelations, however a temperature gradient eventually destroys the entanglement shared\nby the system oscillators as a consequence of the growth of thermal noise. Finally, the\nstationary entanglement and energy current across a nite harmonic chain are studied in\ndetail by doing an extensive numerical analysis of both phenomena for a broad range of the\nparameters (i.e., temperatures, oscillator frequencies, and oscillator coupling strengths).\nOur numerical ndings are discussed in terms of the derived energy current expressions,\nthese show an explicit dependence on the two-time correlation functions (between oscillator\noperators) which carry quantum correlations.
The stationary multipartite entanglement between three interacting harmonic oscillators subjected to decoherence is analyzed in the largely unexplored nonequilibrium strong dissipation regime. We compute the exact asymptotic Gaussian state of the system and elucidate its separability properties, qualitatively assessing the regions of the space of parameters in which fully inseparable states are generated. Interestingly, the sharing structure of bipartite entanglement is seen to degrade as dissipation increases even for very low temperatures, at which the system approaches its ground state. We also find that establishing stationary energy currents across the harmonic chain does not correspond with the buildup of biseparable steady states, which relates instead just to the relative intensity of thermal fluctuations.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuous-variable entanglement for a system consisting of two independent harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment. Using Peres-Simon necessary and sufficient criterion for separability of two-mode Gaussian states, we describe the generation and evolution of entanglement in terms of the covariance matrix for an arbitrary Gaussian input state. For some values of diffusion and dissipation coefficients describing the environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled. In other cases, entanglement generation or entanglement collapse (entanglement sudden death) take place or even a periodic collapse and revival of entanglement. We show that for certain classes of environments the initial state evolves asymptotically to an entangled equilibrium bipartite state, while for other values of the coefficients describing the environment, the asymptotic state is separable. We calculate also the logarithmic negativity characterizing the degree of entanglement of the asymptotic state.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuousvariable entanglement for a system consisting of two independent harmonic oscillators interacting with a general environment.Using Peres-Simon necessary and sufficient criterion for separability of two-mode Gaussian states, we describe the generation and evolution of entanglement in terms of the covariance matrix for an arbitrary Gaussian input state.For some values of diffusion and dissipation coefficients describing the environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled.In other cases, entanglement generation or entanglement collapse (entanglement sudden death) take place or even a periodic collapse and revival of entanglement.We show that for certain classes of environments the initial state evolves asymptotically to an entangled equilibrium bipartite state, while for other values of the coefficients describing the environment, the asymptotic state is separable.We calculate also the logarithmic negativity characterizing the degree of entanglement of the asymptotic state.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the continuous‐variable entanglement for a system consisting of two uncoupled harmonic oscillators interacting with a thermal environment. Using Peres‐Simon necessary sufficient criterion for separability of two‐mode Gaussian states, we show that for some values of diffusion coefficient, dissipation constant and temperature of the environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled. In other cases, entanglement generation, entanglement sudden death or a periodic collapse revival of entanglement take place.
We study stationary entanglement between three harmonic oscillators which are dipole coupled to a one-dimensional or a three-dimensional bosonic environment. The analysis of the open-system dynamics is performed with generalized quantum Langevin equations which we solve exactly in a Fourier representation. The focus lies on Gaussian bipartite and tripartite entanglement induced by the highly non-Markovian interaction mediated by the environment. This environment-induced interaction represents an effective many-party interaction with a spatial long-range feature: A main finding is that the presence of a passive oscillator is detrimental for stationary two-mode entanglement. Furthermore, our results indicate that the environment-induced entanglement mechanism corresponds to uncontrolled feedback which is predominantly coherent at low temperatures and for moderate oscillator-environment coupling as compared to the oscillator frequency.
In the framework of the theory of open systems based on completely positive quantum dynamical semigroups, we give a description of the dynamics of entanglement for a system consisting of two uncoupled harmonic oscillators interacting with a thermal environment. Using Peres-Simon necessary and sufficient criterion for separability of two-mode Gaussian states, we describe the evolution of entanglement in terms of the covariance matrix for a Gaussian input state. For some values of the temperature of environment, the state keeps for all times its initial type: separable or entangled. In other cases, entanglement generation, entanglement sudden death or a repeated collapse and revival of entanglement take place. We analyze also the time evolution of the logarithmic negativity, which characterizes the degree of entanglement of the quantum state.