Introduction to Bose–Einstein Condensation

Claude N. Cohen-Tannoudji

Sankalpa Ghosh

The occurrence of vortices in atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) enables a description of their superfluid behavior. In this article, we present a pedagogical introduction the vortex physics in trapped atomic BECs. The mechanism of vortex nucleation in an atomic BEC is discussed in detail. We also discuss a recently proposed approach to the problem of vortex nucleation which uses a one-particle Schrödinger equation with nonlocal and chiral boundary conditions.

Sankalpa Ghosh

The occurrence of vortices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) enables a description of their superfluid behaviour. In this article we present a pedagogical introduction to the vortex physics in trapped atomic BECs. The mechanism of the vortex nucleation in an atomic BEC is discussed in detail. We also discuss a recently proposed approach which treats the problem of vortex nucleation using a one-particle Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger equation with non-local and chiral boundary conditions.

Pierre C. Hohenberg

Shi Yu

This is a brief introduction to the recently proposed Bose-Einstein condensation with an entangled order parameter. In the situation considered, condensation occurs in an inter-species spin entangled two particle state.