The behavior of light in nano/micro optical devices has shown promising results which can be useful for much fundamental and applied research, especially in nanoelectronics. In particular, with the manipulation of fast and slow light, Pornsuwancharoen and Yupapin [1] have proposed the use of a simple device called a microring resonator to perform such behavior, in which the four different behaviors of light, that is, fast, slow, stopping, and storing of light are investigated using a ring resonator. Nowadays, stopping or cooling a light beam has become a promising technique for atom/molecule trapping investigations (using static or dynamic tweezers), especially after the announcement of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics for the whispering gallery modes [2,3]. There are two more kinds of devices that are used to trap light beams: the use of microcavity arrays performed by Yanik and Fan [4], and the nonlinear microring resonator by Yupapin and Pornsuwancharoen [5] for stopping light (laser beam). Ang and Ngo have also recently done experiments in slowing light in microresonators using a microring system [6]. This concept is a concrete backbone for many applications.
The behavior of light in nano/micro optical devices has shown promising results which can be useful for much fundamental and applied research, especially in nanoelectronics. In particular, with the manipulation of fast and slow light, Pornsuwancharoen and Yupapin [1] have proposed the use of a simple device called a microring resonator to perform such behavior, in which the four different behaviors of light, that is, fast, slow, stopping, and storing of light are investigated using a ring resonator. Nowadays, stopping or cooling a light beam has become a promising technique for atom/molecule trapping investigations (using static or dynamic tweezers), especially after the announcement of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics for the whispering gallery modes [2,3]. There are two more kinds of devices that are used to trap light beams: the use of microcavity arrays performed by Yanik and Fan [4], and the nonlinear microring resonator by Yupapin and Pornsuwancharoen [5] for stopping light (laser beam). Ang and Ngo have also recently done experiments in slowing light in microresonators using a microring system [6]. This concept is a concrete backbone for many applications.
Past and slow light behaviors are the interesting aspects of light which can be useful for many fundamental and applied researches. Pornsuwancharoen and Yupapin et al. [1] have proposed the use of a simple device called “microring resonator” to perform such behaviors. In this research work, the four different behaviors of light i.e., fast, slow, stopping and storing of light where investigated using a ring resonator. Nowadays, stopping or cooling light beam has become the promising technique for atom/molecule trapping investigations (using static or dynamic tweezers), especially, after the announcement of Nobel Prize 2012 in Physics on the whispering gallery modes [2, 3]. There are two more kinds of devices that can be used to trap light beams, the use of microcavity arrays performed by Yanik and Fan [4], and nonlinear microring resonator by Yupapin and Pornsuwancharoen [5] for stopping light (laser beam). Nanyang Technological University scientists have also done experiment to slowing the light in microresonators using a microring system recently [6]. This concept is a concrete backbone for many applications.
Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of waves in nature such as electromagnetic wave, sound wave, and matter wave have shown interesting results, which can be useful for fundamental studies and applications in optoelectronics and nanoelectronics, especially after the announcement of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics for WGMs [1,2], where the authors confirmed that atoms can be trapped (stopped) by using WGMs in a microsphere. However, there are two more kinds of devices that can be used to trap light beams (atoms); the use of microcavity arrays performed by Yanik and Fan [3], and a nonlinear microring resonator by Yupapin and Pornsuwancharoen [4] for stopping light. Recently, Ang and Ngo [5] have also done experiments with slowing light in microresonators using a microring system. In this article, a new design of microring resonator device is proposed, which can be used to generate four forms of light simultaneously on a chip, whereas the storing and harvesting of trapped atoms/molecules can also be available. The proposed device is made up of silica and InGaAsP/InP with linear optical add-drop filter incorporating two nonlinear micro/nano rings on both sides of the center ring (modified add-drop filter). This particular configuration is known as a PANDA ring resonator [6] as shown in Figure 14.1. Light pulse, for instance, Gaussian, and bright and dark solitons are fed into the system through different ports such as an add port and through port. By using the practical device parameters, the simulation results are obtained using the Optiwave and MATLAB programs. Results obtained by both analytical and numerical methods show that many applications can be exploited. In application, when the practical device parameters are used, then such a device can be fabricated and implemented in the near future.
A simple system of an all-optical system for stopping and storing is proposed. A system consists of two microring and a nanoring resonators that can be integrated into a single system. The large bandwidth is generated by a soliton pulse within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium where an all-optical adiabatic and pulse bandwidth compression can be performed. The balance between the dispersion and nonlinear lengths of the soliton pulse exhibits the soliton behavior known as self-phase modulation, which produces a constant optical output. This means that light pulse can be trapped, i.e., stopped optically within the nano waveguide.
There is a wide variety of proposals for implementations of slow-light effects, and many of them are described in the various chapters of this book. The physical implementations vary from system to system, and so do the mathematical formalisms used to describe the specific physical systems. However, it is also possible that one has two completely different physical slow-light systems, yet the mathematical framework describing the slowing and stopping of light is very similar. In this chapter, we present an example falling into this category. The two physically different slow-light systems are (1) semiconductor multiple quantum wells (QWs) (more specifically: Bragg-spaced multiple QWs, or BSQWs [1-16]) and (2) optical resonators (more specifically: side-coupled integrated spaced sequence of resonators with two waveguide channels, or two-channel SCISSORs [17,18]). In Figure 13.1, BSQWs are schematically shown as a sequence of thin semiconductor QWs, spaced by a distance a with a dielectric of refractive index nb between the wells. SCISSORs are sequences of ring-shaped dielectric optical microresonators coupled to two waveguides (Figure 13.2). Clearly, these are very different physical systems, and so onemay wonder in which sense slow-light concepts (i.e., the concepts for delaying, stopping, storing, and releasing light) can be similar or almost identical in these systems. The answer to this question lies in the fact that both systems can be viewed as physical realizations of one-dimensional resonant photonic bandgap structures (RPBGs). RPBGs differ from conventional (nonresonant) photonic bandgap structures in that each unit cell in the photonic lattice exhibits an optical resonance with a resonance frequency that is identical or at least close to the Bragg frequency characterizing the optical lattice. In QWs, the optical resonance is taken to be the heavy-hole exciton resonance, while in SCISSORs we take one of the optical resonances of the microrings.
In this letter, a new design of microring resonator device is proposed which can be used to generate four forms of light simultaneously on a chip, while the storing and harvesting of trapped atoms/molecules can also be available. The proposed device is made up of silica and InGaAsP/ InP with linear optical add-drop filter incorporating two nonlinear micro/nano rings on both sides of the center ring (add-drop filter). This particular configuration is known as a “PANDA” ring resonator [7] as shown in figure1. Light pulse, for instance, Gaussian, bright and dark solutions are fed into the system through different ports such as add port and through port. By using the practical device parameters, the simulation results are obtained using the Opt wave and MATLAB programs. Results obtained by both analytical and numerical methods show that many applications can be exploited. In application, when the practical device parameters are used, then such device can be fabricated and implemented in the near future. The proposed system can be used for many applications, especially, when the device is coated by a metallic material [8]. The applications such as atom/molecule transportation, molecule/atom antenna, atomic/ molecular automata, atom/molecule electronic devices, cells/atom distributed sensors, cells/atom radio, cells communications, micro Faraday cage, molecular/atom storage and logistics, atom/molecule trapping (storage) or cooling, everlasting atom/molecule investigation atomic/molecular storage for quantum gate or computer application, storm search and navigator sensors, magnetic/spin networks, magnetic net, micro plasma source, 3-D flat panel device and large cooling area (volume) can be constructed in the same way as a single device. In this work one of them is demonstrate. Under the stopping and storing condition, the system is considered as the storage unit, where atom or molecule can be trapped by the whispering gallery light beam at the center. The whispering gallery mode result is obtained by using the Optiwave program as shown in figure 2. The ring material is InGaAsP/ InP, where the device parameters are given in figure caption. By using the MATLAB program, the whispering gallery modes of four state of light i.e. fast, slow, stopping and storing can be generated and controlled simultaneously on-chip as shown in figure 3. The storing stage can be seen easily, while the stopping condition can be observed and the following conditions satisfied: (i) the center signal is lost in time between fast and slow signals or (ii) there is no movement among trapped particles or molecules i.e. the exchange of angular momentum introduces the conservation of angular momentum, where the combination of scattering and gradient forces is balanced under the adiabatic process.