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De Gruyter eBooks

Quantenmechanik

J. S. Bell

Published Oct 14, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

John Bell’s lectures have played an extraordinary part in our contemporary understanding of quantum concepts and their limited applicability to classical ideas of space, time, and location. Following a brief foreword by John Bell, Alain Aspect explains John Bell’s remarkable contribution to quantum philosophy.
DOI
10.1515/9783110447989

Related papers

Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics

James S. Bell, Alain Aspect

John Bell, FRS was one of the leading expositors and interpreters of modern quantum theory. He is particularly famous for his discovery of the crucial difference between the predictions of conventional quantum mechanics and the implications of local causality, a concept insisted on by Einstein. John Bell's work played a major role in the development of our current understanding of the profound nature of quantum concepts and of the fundamental limitations they impose on the applicability of the classical ideas of space, time and locality. This book includes all of John Bell's published and unpublished papers on the conceptual and philosophical problems of quantum mechanics, including two papers that appeared after the first edition was published. The book includes a short Preface written by the author for the first edition, and also an introduction by Alain Aspect that puts into context John Bell's enormous contribution to the quantum philosophy debate.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Jun 3, 2004•1,258 citations

John Bell: Recollections of a Great Scientist and a Great Man

G. C. Ghirardi

Introduction This contribution to the book in honour of J. S. Bell will probably differ from the remaining ones, in particular since only a part of it will be devoted to specific technical arguments. In fact I have considered it appropriate to share with the community of physicists interested in the foundational problems of our best theory the repeated interactions I had with him in the last four years of his life, the deep discussions in which we have been involved in particular in connection with the elaboration of collapse theories and their interpretation, and the contributions he gave to the development of this approach at a formal level, as well as championing it on repeated occasions. In brief, I intend to play here the role of one of those lucky persons who became acquainted with him personally, who has exchanged important views with him, who has learned a lot from his deep insight and conceptual lucidity, and, last but not least, whose scientific work has been appreciated by him. Moreover, due to the fact that this book intends to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the derivation of the fundamental inequality which bears his name, I will also devote a small part of the text to recalling his clearcut views about the locality issue, views that I believe have not been grasped correctly by a remarkable part of the scientific community. I will analyze this problem in quite general terms at the end of the paper. Some of Bell's Scientific Achievements Bell received bachelor's degrees in experimental physics and in mathematical physics at Queen'sUniversity of Belfast in the years 1948 and 1949, respectively, and a PhD in physics at the University of Birmingham. We all know very well that already at that time he was absolutely unsatisfied with the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics and with the way in which it was taught. This is significantly expressed by the statement he made during an interview to Jeremy Bernstein: I remember arguing with one of my professors, a Doctor Sloane, about that. I was getting very heated and accusing him, more or less, of dishonesty. He was getting very heated too and said, ‘You're going too far.’

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Aug 31, 2016•1 citation

From the foundations of quantum mechanics to quantum optics: how John Clauser and Alain Aspect came to study the quantum properties of light

Gautier Depambour

Archive for History of Exact Sciences•Sep 6, 2025•1 citation

Alain Aspect’s experiments on Bell’s theorem: a turning point in the history of the research on the foundations of quantum mechanics

Olival Freire

arXiv:2212.05535•The European Physical Journal D•Dec 1, 2022•4 citations

John Bell and the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics

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•Jul 1, 2014•0 citations

Bell's Theorem might provide support to a Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe

Moshe Segal

The Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics are two branches of the nowadays Science of Physics, which are still incompatible. Einstein's Relativity theories, which are the leading acceptable theories of the nowadays Classic Physics, present the Universe as a "Block Universe", in which Time is not a flow of events, where the past vanishes and does not exist anymore, and the future is not yet created. Instead, the "Block Universe" model presents that the past, present and future are all equally real and coexist tenselessly, and everything, the past, present and future are all predefined and engraved in that "Block Universe" model of the Universe. On the other hand, the Quantum Mechanics presents, that the future is created continuously when particles interact with the environment, and the state of each particle is presented by what the Quantum Mechanics denotes as the "Wave Function" which presents the probabilities to find the particle in various locations, such that, before the particle is measured, or interacts with the environment, it can actually be in all those locations at once, and only after the particle is measured, or interacts with the environment, the "Wave Function Collapses" and the particle "chooses" randomly, to be only in one specific location. Actually, that "Wave Function Collapse" is one of the most mysterious phenomena in Physics. But it seems that Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, settled that long debate about it, providing the means to establish that the Quantum Mechanics view on this matter is the correct view and the Classic Physics and Einstein's Relativity theories view on this matter is not correct. Bell's Inequality provided the logic and the mathematics behind this decision, and physicists such as Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, who also won the Nobel prize on that, provided the experimental justification. However, although the above debate was settled, there is also still a need, to understand more precisely, what actually happens in experiments relating to Quantum entangled particles, which is what was tested in Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger experiments. The author of this paper refers to additional papers, by the author of this paper, which present significant and reasonable arguments, which argue that the nowadays branch of the Classic Physics might be misleading in how it presents the concept of the Space-Time. These additional papers propose to replace the Einstein's "Block Universe" model of the Universe with an alternate model, of a Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, in which, each Energy might embed its own private Space-Time facet, or attribute, such that each such Space-Time cannot be considered to be a real entity, that really exists in the Universe. And this paper argues, that Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, might be also used to support the above-mentioned Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, and this might also fill in the above-mentioned gap, which might be the need, to understand more precisely, what actually happens in experiments relating to Quantum entangled particles, which is what was tested in Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger experiments. In addition to the above, the above-mentioned additional papers, also propose additional experiments, based only on the Classic Physics, which if implemented successfully, might provide additional validity to the proposed Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe. The support that might be provided to the proposed model, of a Multi-Space-Times of the Universe, by the Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, is still based on the Quantum Mechanics. Thus, because these additional experiments, proposed in the above-mentioned additional papers, are based only on the Classic Physics, this might also provide a lead for further narrowing the gap between the Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics. Thus, an implementation of the above-mentioned experiments, or any other experiments that might provide validity to the proposed Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, as presented in the above-mentioned papers, should be an important and a significant endeavor.

•Jun 19, 2026•0 citations
John Bell, FRS was one of the leading expositors and interpreters of modern quantum theory. He is particularly famous for his discovery of the crucial difference between the predictions of conventional quantum mechanics and the implications of local causality, a concept insisted on by Einstein. John Bell's work played a major role in the development of our current understanding of the profound nature of quantum concepts and of the fundamental limitations they impose on the applicability of the classical ideas of space, time and locality. This book includes all of John Bell's published and unpublished papers on the conceptual and philosophical problems of quantum mechanics, including two papers that appeared after the first edition was published. The book includes a short Preface written by the author for the first edition, and also an introduction by Alain Aspect that puts into context John Bell's enormous contribution to the quantum philosophy debate.
Introduction This contribution to the book in honour of J. S. Bell will probably differ from the remaining ones, in particular since only a part of it will be devoted to specific technical arguments. In fact I have considered it appropriate to share with the community of physicists interested in the foundational problems of our best theory the repeated interactions I had with him in the last four years of his life, the deep discussions in which we have been involved in particular in connection with the elaboration of collapse theories and their interpretation, and the contributions he gave to the development of this approach at a formal level, as well as championing it on repeated occasions. In brief, I intend to play here the role of one of those lucky persons who became acquainted with him personally, who has exchanged important views with him, who has learned a lot from his deep insight and conceptual lucidity, and, last but not least, whose scientific work has been appreciated by him. Moreover, due to the fact that this book intends to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the derivation of the fundamental inequality which bears his name, I will also devote a small part of the text to recalling his clearcut views about the locality issue, views that I believe have not been grasped correctly by a remarkable part of the scientific community. I will analyze this problem in quite general terms at the end of the paper. Some of Bell's Scientific Achievements Bell received bachelor's degrees in experimental physics and in mathematical physics at Queen'sUniversity of Belfast in the years 1948 and 1949, respectively, and a PhD in physics at the University of Birmingham. We all know very well that already at that time he was absolutely unsatisfied with the conceptual structure of quantum mechanics and with the way in which it was taught. This is significantly expressed by the statement he made during an interview to Jeremy Bernstein: I remember arguing with one of my professors, a Doctor Sloane, about that. I was getting very heated and accusing him, more or less, of dishonesty. He was getting very heated too and said, ‘You're going too far.’
The Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics are two branches of the nowadays Science of Physics, which are still incompatible. Einstein's Relativity theories, which are the leading acceptable theories of the nowadays Classic Physics, present the Universe as a "Block Universe", in which Time is not a flow of events, where the past vanishes and does not exist anymore, and the future is not yet created. Instead, the "Block Universe" model presents that the past, present and future are all equally real and coexist tenselessly, and everything, the past, present and future are all predefined and engraved in that "Block Universe" model of the Universe. On the other hand, the Quantum Mechanics presents, that the future is created continuously when particles interact with the environment, and the state of each particle is presented by what the Quantum Mechanics denotes as the "Wave Function" which presents the probabilities to find the particle in various locations, such that, before the particle is measured, or interacts with the environment, it can actually be in all those locations at once, and only after the particle is measured, or interacts with the environment, the "Wave Function Collapses" and the particle "chooses" randomly, to be only in one specific location. Actually, that "Wave Function Collapse" is one of the most mysterious phenomena in Physics. But it seems that Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, settled that long debate about it, providing the means to establish that the Quantum Mechanics view on this matter is the correct view and the Classic Physics and Einstein's Relativity theories view on this matter is not correct. Bell's Inequality provided the logic and the mathematics behind this decision, and physicists such as Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger, who also won the Nobel prize on that, provided the experimental justification. However, although the above debate was settled, there is also still a need, to understand more precisely, what actually happens in experiments relating to Quantum entangled particles, which is what was tested in Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger experiments. The author of this paper refers to additional papers, by the author of this paper, which present significant and reasonable arguments, which argue that the nowadays branch of the Classic Physics might be misleading in how it presents the concept of the Space-Time. These additional papers propose to replace the Einstein's "Block Universe" model of the Universe with an alternate model, of a Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, in which, each Energy might embed its own private Space-Time facet, or attribute, such that each such Space-Time cannot be considered to be a real entity, that really exists in the Universe. And this paper argues, that Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, might be also used to support the above-mentioned Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, and this might also fill in the above-mentioned gap, which might be the need, to understand more precisely, what actually happens in experiments relating to Quantum entangled particles, which is what was tested in Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger experiments. In addition to the above, the above-mentioned additional papers, also propose additional experiments, based only on the Classic Physics, which if implemented successfully, might provide additional validity to the proposed Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe. The support that might be provided to the proposed model, of a Multi-Space-Times of the Universe, by the Bell's Theorem, and the experiments that followed it, is still based on the Quantum Mechanics. Thus, because these additional experiments, proposed in the above-mentioned additional papers, are based only on the Classic Physics, this might also provide a lead for further narrowing the gap between the Classic Physics and the Quantum Physics. Thus, an implementation of the above-mentioned experiments, or any other experiments that might provide validity to the proposed Multi-Space-Times model of the Universe, as presented in the above-mentioned papers, should be an important and a significant endeavor.