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Quantum Electronics

Effect of a dimer of nanoparticles on the linewidth of forbidden E2 transitions

Dmitry V. Guzatov, В. В. Климов

Published Jul 8, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the framework of classical electrodynamics we have obtained and investigated analytical expressions for the radiation linewidth of forbidden E2 transitions in an atom located near a dimer of spherical particles. It is shown that the material of particles, their location and size have a significant effect on the linewidth of the E2 transition in the atom. It is found that in the gap between metal spherical nanoparticles, the linewidth of E2 transitions in the atom can take on substantially larger values than in the case of an atom near a single metal nanoparticle.

DOI
10.1070/qel16103

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In the framework of classical electrodynamics we have obtained and investigated analytical expressions for the radiation linewidth of forbidden E2 transitions in an atom located near a dimer of spherical particles. It is shown that the material of particles, their location and size have a significant effect on the linewidth of the E2 transition in the atom. It is found that in the gap between metal spherical nanoparticles, the linewidth of E2 transitions in the atom can take on substantially larger values than in the case of an atom near a single metal nanoparticle.
Assuming that the number of emitters (atoms) near a spherical metal nanoparticle is large (more than a few hundred), so that their interaction with each other is strong and sufficient for the emergence of their collective states (Dicke states), it is shown that the nanoparticle accelerates the superradiance of the emitters in a similar way as it accelerates the spontaneous emission of a single emitter. In this case, part of the energy stored by the emitters is absorbed by a nanoparticle, and the rest of the energy is radiated as a superradiance pulse. For the parameters selected in this paper, the energy absorbed by the nanoparticle is approximately equal to the emitted energy. We have found the collective states of the emitters and nanoparticle and have derived expressions for the time dependence of the superradiance pulse power, pulse duration and time delay with respect to the moment of excitation of the emitters.
The effect of nanobodies, i.e., the bodies whose size is small compared to the emission wavelength, on spontaneous emission of an atom located near them is considered. The results of calculations performed within the framework of quantum and classical electrodynamics are presented both in analytic and graphical forms and can be readily used for planning experiments and analysis of experimental data. It is shown that nanobodies can be used to control efficiently the rate of spontaneous transitions. Thus, an excited atom located near a nanocylinder or a nanospheroid pole, whose transition dipole moment is directed normally to the nanobody surface, can decay with the rate that is tens and hundreds times higher than the decay rate in a free space. In the case of some (negative) dielectric constants, the decay rate can increase by a factor of 10 5 —10 6 and more. On the other hand, the decay of an excited atom whose transition dipole moment is directed tangentially to the nanobody surface substantially slows down. The probability of nonradiative decay of the excited state is shown to increase substantially in the presence of na-nobodies possessing losses.
A cascade transfer of light energy to a resonance atom situated near a spherical nanoparticle and then, by a nonradiative mechanism, to the nanoparticle itself is considered. It is established that the efficiency of the cascade transfer essentially depends on the frequency and polarization of light, on the distance between the atom and the particle, on the optical properties of the particle, and on the time conditions of radiation. The rate of light absorption by a metal nanoparticle via cascade energy transfer may be 10 4 –10 5 times higher than the direct absorption of light by a nanoparticle. For a fixed frequency of light, the cascade transfer of energy is a sharply selective function of the distance between the atom and the particle (the resonance width is about 10 −2 of the particle radius). Atomic fluorescence exhibits similar behavior. This feature can form the basis for a new method of optical scanning microscopy and location and localization of atoms near the surface of a particle.
We report the results of numerical modelling of emission of a two-level atom near a metal nanoparticle under resonant interaction of light with plasmon modes of the particle. Calculations have been performed for different polarisations of light by a dipole approximation method and a complex multipole method. Depending on the distance between a particle and an atom, the contribution of the nonradiative process of electron tunnelling from a two-level atom into a particle, which is calculated using the quasi-classical approximation, has been taken into account and assessed. We have studied spherical gold and silver particles of different diameters . The rates of electron tunnelling and of spontaneous decay of the excited atomic state are found. The results can be used to develop nanoscale plasmonic emitters, lasers and photodetectors.