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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Concentration on partially entangled W-class states on nitrogen-vacancy centers assisted by microresonator

Cong Cao, Tie-Jun Wang, Ru Zhang, Chuan Xi Wang

Published Jun 27, 2015• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for spatially separated negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in a partially entangled W state, resorting to a hybrid quantum circuit and some ancillary single photons. The hybrid quantum circuit is composed of a single N-V center coupled on the periphery of a microtoroidal resonator and linear-optical elements. Exploiting currently available techniques (for example, the single-photon input–output process), the standard maximally entangled W state could be distilled from the initial partially entangled W state. Compared with other ECPs for W-class states, we discuss the advantages of the present protocol. Further, the feasibility and the experimental challenges of the protocol are discussed by considering currently available techniques.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.001524

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We describe a high efcient entanglement concentration protocol(ECP) for multi-particle less-entangled nitrogen-vacancy(N-V)center and microtoroidal resonator system. In the ECP, we only require one pair of less-entangled state, two auxiliary N-V center in microcavities and some single photons. After the photon passing through the microcavity, by measuring the polarization of the photon,a maximally entangled W state can be obtained with some success probability. This ECP does not need to destroy the solid qubit,which makes it more feasible. Moreover, by resorting to more single photons, it can be repeated to reach a high success probability.These features make this ECP useful in current long-distance quantum communications.
Here we propose two practical protocols to concentrate entanglement between separate nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in less entangled state via coupling to microtoroidal resonators. We construct the parity check gate of the N-V center and microtoroidal resonator systems via the interaction with the ancillary photon input-output process near the microtoroidal resonators. Thus the parity of the N-V center state can be readout by the measurement on the ancillary photon. Then we introduce the parity check operations to entanglement concentration protocols. Considering current techniques, we also discuss the feasibility of our proposal and its experimental challenges.
We propose a single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for nonlocal N-photon systems in a partially entangled pure W-class state with linear optical elements. Only one of the N parties in quantum communication prepares an ancillary photon and operates the entanglement concentration process for picking up the standard N-photon W state from each partially entangled pure W-class state by choosing the two-mode instances from a polarization beam splitter. Compared with other ECPs for W-class states, our protocol has some advantages. First, it requires only linear optical elements. Second, it requires an N-photon system and an ancillary photon for each round of concentration, not two systems. Third, only one party asks other parties to retain or discard their photons. All these advantages make our ECP more feasible and more convenient than others.
Entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) is used to extract the maximally entangled states from less entangled pure states. Here we present a general hyperconcentration protocol for two-photon systems in partially hyperentangled Bell states that decay with the interrelation between the time-bin and the polarization degrees of freedom (DOFs), resorting to an input-output process with respect to diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to resonators. We show that the resource can be utilized sufficiently and the success probability is largely improved by iteration of the hyper-ECP process. Besides, our hyper-ECP can be directly extended to concentrate nonlocal partially hyperentangled N-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, and the success probability remains unchanged with the growth of the number of photons. Moreover, the time-bin entanglement is a useful DOF and it only requires one path for transmission, which means it not only economizes on a large amount of quantum resources but also relaxes from the path-length dispersion in long-distance quantum communication.
We present a hybrid entanglement purification and concentration protocol for nuclear spin entangled states of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers resorting to the ancillary photons and electrons. In the entanglement purification protocol, the mixed entangled states of the N-V centers can be purified with high fidelity using two pairs of entangled photons to interact with each electron in N-V centers. By performing local measurement on the electrons, the original entangled state can be obtained between the two remote parities. In the entanglement concentration protocol, the partially entangled states of the nuclear spin in N-V centers can be concentrated to the maximally entangled state by using an ancillary photon on one local user. The fidelity of the entangled state with different excited state decay rate and the relation between the yield and different decay rate are numerically simulated.