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Scientific Reports

Deterministic distribution of four-photon Dicke state over an arbitrary collective-noise channel with cross-Kerr nonlinearity

Meiyu Wang, Fengli Yan, Ting Gao

Published Jul 14, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present two deterministic quantum entanglement distribution protocols for a four-photon Dicke polarization entangled state resorting to the frequency and spatial degrees of freedom, which are immune to an arbitrary collective-noise channel. Both of the protocols adopt the X homodyne measurement based on the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to complete the task of the single-photon detection with nearly unit probability in principle. After the four receivers share the photons, they add some local unitary operations to obtain a standard four-photon Dicke polarization entangled state.

DOI
10.1038/srep29853

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We present two deterministic quantum entanglement distribution protocols for a four-photon Dicke polarization entangled state resorting to the frequency and spatial degrees of freedom, which are immune to an arbitrary collective-noise channel. Both of the protocols adopt the X homodyne measurement based on the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to complete the task of the single-photon detection with nearly unit probability in principle. After the four receivers share the photons, they add some local unitary operations to obtain a standard four-photon Dicke polarization entangled state.
Abstract We propose a theoretical protocol for preparing four-photon polarization entangled decoherence-free states, which are immune to the collective noise. With the assistance of the cross-Kerr nonlinearities, a two-photon spatial entanglement gate, two controlled-NOT gates, a four-photon polarization entanglement gate are inserted into the circuit, where X homodyne measurements are aptly applied. Combined with some swap gates and simple linear optical elements, four-photon polarization entangled decoherence-free states which can be utilized to represent two logical qubits, |0〉L and |1〉L are achieved at the output ports of the circuit. This generation scheme may be implemented with current experimental techniques.
In this paper, we propose two ways of Dicke state generation using single photons and weak coherent pulse resorting to Kerr nonlinearities. By interference of two coherent beams, the Dicke state are realized in polarization and photon number degrees of freedom. By performing homodyne detection on the coherent states, the multi-particle entangled Dicke state can be generated with a high probability. The realization of the protocols are more flexible as the phase differences can be easily distinguished during homodyne detection.
We show how to prepare three different types of four-photon polarization entangled states among four modes. The scheme only use cross-Kerr medium, polarization beam splitters and X homodyne measurements on coherent light fields, which can be efficiently implemented in quantum optical laboratories. GHZ states and symmetric Dick states can be generated in deterministic way based on the scheme. With the possible availability of suitable strong Kerr nonlinearity, another type of entangled state called genuine four-photon entangled state can be realized as well.
We present an efficient quantum entanglement distribution over an arbitrary collective-noise channel. The basic idea in the present scheme is that two parties in quantum communication first transmit the entangled states in the frequency degree of freedom which suffers little from the noise in an optical fiber. After the two parties share the photon pairs, they add some operations and equipments to transfer the frequency entanglement of pairs into the polarization entanglement with the success probability of 100100%100. Finally, they can get maximally entangled polarization states with polarization independent wavelength division multiplexers and quantum frequency up-conversion which can erase distinguishability for frequency. Compared with conventional entanglement purification protocols, the present scheme works in a deterministic way in principle. Surprisingly, the collective noise leads to an additional advantage.