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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Axial and conical parametric four-wave mixing in pure Na vapor

Mary Anne Moore, W. R. Garrett, Marvin G. Payne

Published Apr 25, 1988• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Typical parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) processes are well documented in Na vapors.1 These processes in general involve emissions that are nonresonant in nature and must satisfy the phase matching conditions (Δk = 0, where Δk is the phase mismatch between the laser and generated photons) by adjusting the angles of the k vectors of the generated waves. This results in the production of conically emitted light about the axis of the pump laser and only in the direction of the laser photons.

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We look at the effects of population transfer on parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in Na vapor. We show experimentally that, during the laser pulse, phase matching conditions necessary for the generation of axial PFWM1 are destroyed by population transfer. Shortening of the PFWM pulse with respect to the laser pulse length is observed. In addition, by use of counterpropagating laser beams wherein the degree of temporal and spatial overlap in the medium is controlled, we show how simple measurements can provide direct evidence of population transfer spoiling of PFWM production.

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Optics Letters•Jun 15, 1991•20 citations
Typical parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) processes are well documented in Na vapors.1 These processes in general involve emissions that are nonresonant in nature and must satisfy the phase matching conditions (Δk = 0, where Δk is the phase mismatch between the laser and generated photons) by adjusting the angles of the k vectors of the generated waves. This results in the production of conically emitted light about the axis of the pump laser and only in the direction of the laser photons.
We look at the effects of population transfer on parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in Na vapor. We show experimentally that, during the laser pulse, phase matching conditions necessary for the generation of axial PFWM1 are destroyed by population transfer. Shortening of the PFWM pulse with respect to the laser pulse length is observed. In addition, by use of counterpropagating laser beams wherein the degree of temporal and spatial overlap in the medium is controlled, we show how simple measurements can provide direct evidence of population transfer spoiling of PFWM production.
The propagation of a nearly resonant strong laser in Na vapor results in a number of non-linear optical processes such as parametric four-wave mixing (FWM), three-photon scattering (TPS), and Raman scattering.1 The Raman and TPS processes involve the emission of radiation at specific and unique frequencies determined by the detuning of the laser from the atomic resonance, δ, and the Rabi frequency, Ω. Parametric FWM, however, need only satisfy the condition that 2ωL = ω3+ ω4, and can occur over a broad range of frequencies. The frequency range is restricted only by the available gain for the FWM process. The gain depends strongly on the possibility of phase matching at the given frequencies involved in the interaction, as well as on nearly all of the experimental parameters such as relaxation rates (collisional and otherwise), Rabi frequencies, laser detuning, the length of the Na interaction region and the Na vapor pressure.
A detailed study on yellow conical emission observed in dense sodium vapor following near-resonant one-photon excitation of the Na 42P levels was performed. The origins of conical emission are suggested to be due to Raman resonant four-wave parametric mixing processes. In order to describe spectral and spatial features of off-axis emission, we introduce self-phase modulation and induced-phase modulation as important additional nonlinear processes, explaining the nonmonotonic detuning of the wavelength of the conical radiation with the exiting laser wavelength in the vicinity of resonance transitions. The spatial evolution of emission generated via four-wave mixing is modeled by solving the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing the spatial evolution of light beams in a nonlinear media. Experimental and theoretical results are presented and discussed.
If an extended Na vapor column (heat pipe configuration) is subjected to strong laser pumping near two-photon resonance with 3D3/2,5/2 or 4D3/2,5/2 states at pressures above tens of millitorr, strong stimulated emissions are produced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated electron in hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) and by phase matched parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM). These new electromagnetic fields that are generated within the near-resonant nonlinear medium can strongly influence the total atomic response and produce several saturation and total cancellation types of effect.