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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Influence of population transfer on parametric four-wave mixing in sodium vapor

Mary Anne Moore, W. R. Garrett, M. G. Payne, Richard Wunderlich, J. P. Judish

Published Apr 24, 1989• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We look at the effects of population transfer on parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in Na vapor. We show experimentally that, during the laser pulse, phase matching conditions necessary for the generation of axial PFWM1 are destroyed by population transfer. Shortening of the PFWM pulse with respect to the laser pulse length is observed. In addition, by use of counterpropagating laser beams wherein the degree of temporal and spatial overlap in the medium is controlled, we show how simple measurements can provide direct evidence of population transfer spoiling of PFWM production.

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1989•38 citations
We look at the effects of population transfer on parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) in Na vapor. We show experimentally that, during the laser pulse, phase matching conditions necessary for the generation of axial PFWM1 are destroyed by population transfer. Shortening of the PFWM pulse with respect to the laser pulse length is observed. In addition, by use of counterpropagating laser beams wherein the degree of temporal and spatial overlap in the medium is controlled, we show how simple measurements can provide direct evidence of population transfer spoiling of PFWM production.
Experimental investigations of two-photon enhanced stimulated hyper-Raman and parametric four-wave-mixing emissions are described for tuning unfocused laser beams near two-photon resonance with 3D and 4D states in sodium vapor. Over wide ranges of vapor pressures, path lengths, and laser power densities, the gains for stimulated hyper-Raman (SHR) scattering and for parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM) can become very greatly reduced from values expected from simple considerations. The suppression of gain can arise from interferences produced at two-photon and three-photon resonances, and from ac Stark shifts produced by internally generated near-resonant fields. Quantitative comparisons are made between observed and theoretically predicted values for SHR and PFWM production. Of 12 predicted consequences of the interferences and Stark shifting on the nonlinear behavior, ten are demonstrated through the experiments.
Two types of parametric four-wave mixing are observed when a single intense laser beam propagates through Na vapor near the D(1) and D(2) resonance lines. The first is related to three-photon scattering, while the second results from the coherent parametric interaction of the laser with excited-state Raman scattering. Identification of the two processes was greatly facilitated by the use of an optical multichannel detector system to observe the total emission spectrum for each individual laser pulse. The experimental conditions that determine whether stimulated emission or one or both of the four-wave mixing processes dominates the emission spectrum are described.
If an extended Na vapor column (heat pipe configuration) is subjected to strong laser pumping near two-photon resonance with 3D3/2,5/2 or 4D3/2,5/2 states at pressures above tens of millitorr, strong stimulated emissions are produced by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or stimulated electron in hyper-Raman scattering (SEHRS) and by phase matched parametric four-wave mixing (PFWM). These new electromagnetic fields that are generated within the near-resonant nonlinear medium can strongly influence the total atomic response and produce several saturation and total cancellation types of effect.