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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Measurement of rubidium 87 D1 and D2 lines nitrogen pressure shift by optical heterodyne

Bernard Villeneuve, Marc Breton, M. Têtu

Published Apr 24, 1989• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The presence of a foreign gas both shifts and broadens the optical resonance lines of atomic species. The shift effect is of particular interest in the field of semieonductor laser frequency stabilization for coherent optical communication purposes, where atomic resonances can be used to produce optical carriers at precisely defined and long-term stable frequencies.1 Shifting atomic resonances with foreign gases could produce more available channels while preserving the long-term stability.

Related papers

Precise optical heterodyne beat frequency from laser diodes locked to atomic resonances

Bernard Villeneuve, Normand Cyr, M. Têtu

Semiconductor lasers locked to atomic resonances provide precise optical frequencies with very good long-term stability. This property can be used in coherent optical communications for obtaining a well defined IF frequency (or frequencies) at the receiver. The letter deals with the optical heterodyne detection of a precise 6.54 GHz frequency offset derived from the hyperfine structure of rubidium 87

Electronics Letters•Sep 24, 1987•8 citations

Solitary resonance observed in the saturated absorption spectrum of the 87 Rb D 2 line

Normand Cyr, M. Têtu

In recent years, much work has been done in experimental studies to frequency lock laser diodes to atomic or molecular resonances.1 By such techniques it is possible to improve greatly the laser frequency stability and to define precisely its nominal value. For laser sources operating in the 0.8-μm range, rubidium is the preferred specie and each isotope offers two resonance lines, one at 780 nm (D2 line) and one at 795 nm (D1 line). Both linear and saturated absorption have been used, and laser frequency charcteristics are published.2,3

•Apr 24, 1989•1 citation

Broadening and Shift of the D1 and D2 Lines of Rb Atoms by Neon: Resolving Hyperfine Components in a Half-Wave Cell Using Double Differentiation with Respect to Frequency

Armen D. Sargsyan, T. A. Vartanyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Nov 1, 2021•6 citations

Pressure Effects of Cs Lines Due to a Mixture of Two Rare Gases

Shang-Yi Ch'en, Robert O. Garrett

An experimental study of the additivity of the phase shift or perturbation energies produced by foreign-gas perturbers in collision with an optical atom is made by measuring the shift and the half-width of the second to the seventh doublet of the Cs absorption series, under various pressures and with various concentration ratios of a mixture of He and Ar. The shift produced by the mixture is found to be about the average of the shifts of the separate gases. The broadening of the fourth absorption doublet of Cs produced by the mixture of He and Ar is about $\frac{3}{4}$ of the sum of broadenings due to the constituents.

Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1971•3 citations

Precise measurement of the Stark shift of the rubidium and potassiumD1 lines

Kenneth E. Miller, D. Krause, L. R. Hunter

The dc Stark shift of the D1 lines of rubidium and potassium are observed using a pair of cavity-stabilized diode lasers locked to resonance signals. The heterodyne signal from the two lasers and the optical measurements of the electrode spacing yield high-precision results. The observed scalar shifts are found to be 61.153(8) kHz (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for rubidium and 39.400(5) kHz (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for potassium. These results represent more than three orders of magnitude improvement in our knowledge of these Stark shifts.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1994•29 citations

Pressure broadening and frequency shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb and K in the presence of 3 He and N 2

K. A. Kluttz, Todd D. Averett, Brian A. Wolin

We report the results of a study of the pressure broadening and resonant frequency shift of the absorption profiles of the ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines of Rb and K in the presence of ${}^{3}$He and N${}_{2}$ gases over a range of number densities. We have also examined the temperature dependence of the broadening and shift over a range of approximately 340 to 400 K. We compare our results for the broadening and shift coefficients for Rb ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ to current values and present coefficients for K ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$.

Physical Review A•Mar 25, 2013•40 citations
The presence of a foreign gas both shifts and broadens the optical resonance lines of atomic species. The shift effect is of particular interest in the field of semieonductor laser frequency stabilization for coherent optical communication purposes, where atomic resonances can be used to produce optical carriers at precisely defined and long-term stable frequencies.1 Shifting atomic resonances with foreign gases could produce more available channels while preserving the long-term stability.
In recent years, much work has been done in experimental studies to frequency lock laser diodes to atomic or molecular resonances.1 By such techniques it is possible to improve greatly the laser frequency stability and to define precisely its nominal value. For laser sources operating in the 0.8-μm range, rubidium is the preferred specie and each isotope offers two resonance lines, one at 780 nm (D2 line) and one at 795 nm (D1 line). Both linear and saturated absorption have been used, and laser frequency charcteristics are published.2,3
Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.
An experimental study of the additivity of the phase shift or perturbation energies produced by foreign-gas perturbers in collision with an optical atom is made by measuring the shift and the half-width of the second to the seventh doublet of the Cs absorption series, under various pressures and with various concentration ratios of a mixture of He and Ar. The shift produced by the mixture is found to be about the average of the shifts of the separate gases. The broadening of the fourth absorption doublet of Cs produced by the mixture of He and Ar is about 34\frac{3}{4}43​ of the sum of broadenings due to the constituents.
The dc Stark shift of the D1 lines of rubidium and potassium are observed using a pair of cavity-stabilized diode lasers locked to resonance signals. The heterodyne signal from the two lasers and the optical measurements of the electrode spacing yield high-precision results. The observed scalar shifts are found to be 61.153(8) kHz (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for rubidium and 39.400(5) kHz (kV/cm${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ for potassium. These results represent more than three orders of magnitude improvement in our knowledge of these Stark shifts.
We report the results of a study of the pressure broadening and resonant frequency shift of the absorption profiles of the D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines of Rb and K in the presence of 3{}^{3}3He and N2{}_{2}2​ gases over a range of number densities. We have also examined the temperature dependence of the broadening and shift over a range of approximately 340 to 400 K. We compare our results for the broadening and shift coefficients for Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ to current values and present coefficients for K D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​.