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Scientific Reports

Privacy Preserving Quantum Anonymous Transmission via Entanglement Relay

Wei Yang, Liusheng Huang, Fang Song

Published Jun 1, 2016• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Anonymous transmission is an interesting and crucial issue in computer communication area, which plays a supplementary role to data privacy. In this paper, we put forward a privacy preserving quantum anonymous transmission protocol based on entanglement relay, which constructs anonymous entanglement from EPR pairs instead of multi-particle entangled state, e.g. GHZ state. Our protocol achieves both sender anonymity and receiver anonymity against an active adversary and tolerates any number of corrupt participants. Meanwhile, our protocol obtains an improvement in efficiency compared to quantum schemes in previous literature.

DOI
10.1038/srep26762

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Anonymous transmission is an interesting and crucial issue in computer communication area, which plays a supplementary role to data privacy. In this paper, we put forward a privacy preserving quantum anonymous transmission protocol based on entanglement relay, which constructs anonymous entanglement from EPR pairs instead of multi-particle entangled state, e.g. GHZ state. Our protocol achieves both sender anonymity and receiver anonymity against an active adversary and tolerates any number of corrupt participants. Meanwhile, our protocol obtains an improvement in efficiency compared to quantum schemes in previous literature.
An efficient information-theoretically secure protocol is proposed. It is built for the anonymous transmission of quantum information. In our proposed scheme, a photon of hybrid entangled pairs is travelling through the participants. After operations performed by the participants, anonymous entanglement transmission channels are generated between the sender and receiver by hybrid entanglement swapping. Our protocol achieves both sender anonymity and receiver anonymity against an active adversary and tolerates any number of corrupt participants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our protocol has great capacity to teleportate quantum message with fewer resources.
Abstract Nowadays, identity protection has turned into a fundamental demand for online activities. Currently, the present quantum anonymous communication protocols mostly rely on multi-entanglement. In this paper, we propose an anonymous communication protocol for anonymous sender by using single-particle states. The protocol can be extended to a communication protocol where the sender and receiver are fully anonymous with the message kept secret. In terms of security, our protocol is designed to comply with the technique of collective detection. Compared to the step-by-step detection, collective detection, in which the participants perform detection only once, reduces the complexity of the protocol to some extent. Moreover, we analytically demonstrate the security of the protocol in the face of active attacks. Any active attack employed by an external or internal attacker cannot reveal any useful information about the sender’s identity. Meanwhile, any malicious behavior will be detected by honest participants.
Motivated by quantum continuous-variable entanglement EPR states,a novel scheme for the anonymous sender and receiver transmissions of classical information is proposed. The entanglement states are travelling over separated participants to encode 1 bit classical message on the different models,w hose operations on the states correspond to their identities. The classical message is computed by the receiver and the adaptive participants' dishonest operations can be check out in the same round of communication,w hich avoids the participants w ho acted inconsistent in transmission process and detection process. The anonymities of the sender and receiver are perfectly preserved,and the privacy of the message is protected except w ith exponentially small probability.
We propose first protocol for anonymous distribution of quantum information that can be used to implement either channel with anonymous sender or channel with anonymous receiver. Our protocol achieves anonymity and message secrecy with unconditional security. It uses classical anonymous transfer. It tolerates disruption of the protocol, but the number of disrupters must be limited by the quantum Gilbert-Varshamov bound. This bound can be exceeded provided a specific entanglement distillation procedure will be used. A different version of the protocol tolerates any number of disrupters, but is secure only when receiver does not actively cooperate with other corrupted participants. Simplified version of this protocol was experimentally realized for 5 participants, but with different motivation, see [1].
We present the first quantum secure communication protocol for an anonymous receiver without the assistance of anonymous entanglement. In previous works, if a public sender wants to send quantum messages to a chosen receiver while protecting the identity of the receiver from others, all participants should cooperate first to construct the entanglement between the sender and the anonymous receiver. This is the most important process in anonymous quantum communications. With anonymous entanglement, the sender can communicate quantum messages to the anonymous receiver by applying teleportation protocols. In contrast, our protocol is novel and achieves communication of quantum messages directly from the public sender to the anonymous receiver based on the quantum one-time pad and current achievements. Notably, the anonymity of the receiver, as well as the privacy of the quantum messages, is perfectly protected with the exception of an exponentially small probability in our protocol.