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Scaled-energy spectroscopy of a vertical bar M vertical bar=1 Rydberg barium atom in an electric field

Lei Wang, Quan Wei, Shen Li, Yang Haifeng, Ting-Yun Shi, Xiaojun Liu, Hongping Liu, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Nov 1, 2009• 0 citations
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Abstract

We observe strong energy-dependent quantum defects in the scaled-energy Stark spectra for vertical bar M vertical bar = 1 Rydberg states of barium atoms at three scaled energies: epsilon = -2.000, epsilon = -2.500 and epsilon = -3.000. In an attempt to explain the observations, theoretical calculations of closed orbit theory based on a model potential including core effect are performed for non-hydrogenic atoms. While such a potential has been uniformly successful for alkali atoms with a single valence electron, it fails to match experimental results for barium atoms in the 6snp Rydberg states with two valence electrons. Our study points out that this discrepancy is due to the strong perturbation from the 5d8p state, which voids the simple approximation for constant quantum defects of principle quantum number n.

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We observe strong energy-dependent quantum defects in the scaled-energy Stark spectra for vertical bar M vertical bar = 1 Rydberg states of barium atoms at three scaled energies: epsilon = -2.000, epsilon = -2.500 and epsilon = -3.000. In an attempt to explain the observations, theoretical calculations of closed orbit theory based on a model potential including core effect are performed for non-hydrogenic atoms. While such a potential has been uniformly successful for alkali atoms with a single valence electron, it fails to match experimental results for barium atoms in the 6snp Rydberg states with two valence electrons. Our study points out that this discrepancy is due to the strong perturbation from the 5d8p state, which voids the simple approximation for constant quantum defects of principle quantum number n.
We observe strong energy-dependent quantum defects in the scaled-energy Stark spectra for | M | = 1 Rydberg states of barium atoms at three scaled energies: ε = –2.000, ε = –2.500 and ε = –3.000. In an attempt to explain the observations, theoretical calculations of closed orbit theory based on a model potential including core effect are performed for non-hydrogenic atoms. While such a potential has been uniformly successful for alkali atoms with a single valence electron, it fails to match experimental results for barium atoms in the 6snp Rydberg states with two valence electrons. Our study points out that this discrepancy is due to the strong perturbation from the 5d8p state, which voids the simple approximation for constant quantum defects of principle quantum number n.
Stark spectra of barium Rydberg states above the classical field-ionization limit have been recorded at high density of states employing high-resolution laser spectroscopy. The spectra, taken at a binding energy of about \ensuremath{\varepsilon}\ensuremath{\approxeq}-55 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with respect to zero-field threshold and at electric-field strengths F\ensuremath{\approxeq}100 V/cm exhibit dramatic variations in line profiles with increasing external field strength. The WKB quantum-defect theory of the Stark effect of nonhydrogenic atoms was used to analyze the recorded spectra, and excellent agreement between measured and calculated line profiles was achieved. Core-induced coupling of closed and open hydrogenic Stark channels was found to contribute dominantly to the linewidth of the recorded Stark resonances. In addition, a reformulation of this theory by McNicholl, Ivri, and Bergeman (unpublished) in terms of a configuration-interaction model was employed to analyze a particular avoided crossing of several Stark components. In this way recorded line profiles were parametrized within a limited model to obtain resonance energies, linewidths, and Fano q parameters.
A theoretical calculation is carried out to investigate the spectrum of a barium Rydberg atom in an external magnetic field. Using an effective approach incorporating quantum defect into the centrifugal term in the Hamiltonian, we reexamine the reported spectrum of the barium Rydberg atom in a magnetic field of 2.89 T [ J. Phys. B 28 L537 (1995) ]. Our calculation employs B -spline basis expansion and complex coordinate rotation techniques. For single photon absorption from the ground 6s 2 to 6s n p Rydberg states, the spectrum is not influenced by quantum defects of channels n s and n d. The calculation is in agreement with the experimental observations until the energy reaches E = −60 cm −1 . Beyond this energy, closer to the threshold, the calculated and experimental results do not agree with each other. Possible reasons for their discrepancies are discussed. Our study affirms an energy range where the diamagnetic spectrum of the barium atom can be explained thoroughly using a hydrogen model potential.
The strontium atoms in ground states were excited to higher |M|=1 Rydberg states while the laser wavelength and the electric field strength are scanned simultaneously to keep the scaled-energy ε constant. Spectra were recorded for ε=-3.00, -2.50 and -1.88. The experimental Fourier transform recurrence spectra were compared with the hydrogenic closed-orbit calculation. The positions of the experimental recurrence peaks were well coincided with the theory, but the strengths of the peaks were strongly affected by the strontium core effect.
We present observations of Stark spectra of barium in highly excited Rydberg states in the energy region around n = 35. The one-photon excitation concerns the π transition. The observed Stark spectra at electric fields ranging from 0 to 60 V·cm −1 are well explained by the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian incorporating the core effects. From the Stark maps, the anti-crossings between energy levels are identified experimentally and theoretically. The time of flight spectra at the specified Stark states are recorded, where the deceleration and acceleration of barium atoms are observed. This is very consistent with the prediction derived from the Stark maps from the point of view of energy conservation.