A new quantum random number generation method is proposed. The method is based on the randomness of the photon emission process and the single photon counting capability of the Quanta Image Sensor (QIS). It has the potential to generate high-quality random numbers with remarkable data output rate. In this paper, the principle of photon statistics and theory of entropy are discussed. Sample data were collected with QIS jot device, and its randomness quality was analyzed. The randomness assessment method and results are discussed.
A new quantum random number generation method is proposed. The method is based on the randomness of the photon emission process and the single photon counting capability of the Quanta Image Sensor (QIS). It has the potential to generate high-quality random numbers with remarkable data output rate. In this paper, the principle of photon statistics and theory of entropy are discussed. Sample data were collected with QIS jot device, and its randomness quality was analyzed. The randomness assessment method and results are discussed.
Random Number Generators (RNGs) are used in various applications, including cryptography, scientific simulations, gaming, and virtual reality. The quality of these random numbers is crucial, especially for computational approaches that rely on unpredictability to produce accurate results. In this thesis, we perform a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a novel Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) based on single photon. QRNGs leverage quantum mechanical properties to produce truly random numbers. This ensures high entropy, unpredictability, and security, making QRNGs particularly useful in fields that require high-quality randomness.We evaluate the statistical properties of strings generated by our QRNG and then its practical application by comparing it to traditional Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) in Monte Carlo Integration (MCI), a technique that estimates integrals using random sampling. In particular, we use two statistical randomness test suits, namely NIST and Dieharder, to assess the statistical properties of our QRNG. All tests within these tests were passed, confirming that the corresponding QRNG achieves true randomness with sufficient high entropy. Next, we use our QRNG-generated numbers to seed Monte Carlo Integration (MCI) and compare it against results obtained using classical PRNG. The QRNG-based MCI demonstrated more accurate and stable numerical estimates, showing lower error rates and improved convergence compared to PRNG-based simulations.These findings highlight the advantages of QRNGs in enhancing numerical accuracy and computational security. While QRNGs may have slower generation rates than PRNGs, their superior randomness quality allows for more reliable Monte Carlo-based simulations, suggesting that fewer samples may be needed to achieve the same level of accuracy compared to classical PRNGs. This research underscores the potential of QRNG-powered numerical methods, paving the way for their integration into more advanced applications, including scientific computing, financial modeling, and cryptographic security.
A random number generation approach comprising a silicon nanocrystals LED (Si-NCs LED), silicon single photon avalanche photodiode (Si SPAD) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is introduced. The Si-NCs LED is the source of entropy with photon emission in the visible range detectable by silicon detectors allowing the fabrication of an all-silicon-based device. The proposed quantum random number generator (QRNG) is robust against variations of the internal and external parameters such as aging of the components, changing temperature, the ambient interferences and the silicon detector artifacts. The raw data show high quality of randomness and passed all the statistical tests in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests suite without the application of a post-processing algorithm. The efficiency of random number generation is 4-bits per detected photon.
Random numbers are one of the key foundations of cryptography. This work implements a discrete quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the tunneling effect of electrons in an avalanche photo diode. Without any post-processing and conditioning, this QRNG can output raw sequences at a rate of 100 Mbps. Remarkably, the statistical min-entropy of the 8,000,000 bits sequence reaches 0.9944 bits/bit, and the min-entropy validated by NIST SP 800-90B reaches 0.9872 bits/bit. This metric is currently the highest value we have investigated for QRNG raw sequences. Moreover, this QRNG can continuously and stably output raw sequences with high randomness over extended periods. The system produced a continuous output of 1,174 Gbits raw sequence for a duration of 11,744 s, with every 8 Mbits forming a unit to obtain a statistical min-entropy distribution with an average value of 0.9892 bits/bit. The statistical min-entropy of all data (1,174 Gbits) achieves the value of 0.9951 bits/bit. This QRNG can produce high-quality raw sequences with good randomness and stability. It has the potential to meet the high demand in cryptography for random numbers with high quality.
This paper proposes and demonstrates an optical quantum random number generator based on distribution of single photon pulse amplitude of a photomultiplier tube.The light emitted from ultraviolet LED is attenuated into discrete single photon sequence.After these photons are detected by the photomultiplier tube,the single-photon pulses with random distribution are output.Digital values of peaks of these single-photon pulses are used as the entropy sources of random number generation.In order to reduce the bias of the raw extracted random number,the SHA-256 post processing method based on FPGA is proposed and implemented.When our designed quantum random number generator works at a counting rate of 500kc/s,7random bits can be extracted on average per detected photon,and a random number generation rate of 3.5Mbit/s is obtained.The random bit sequences are tested by random number test programs ENT and STS.The test results show that the generated random bit sequences fully meet the standards of true random numbers.
This paper presents the design and theoretical framework for a quantum random number generator (QRNG) rooted in the principles of quantum mechanics. The core innovation lies in leveraging the inherent randomness associated with quantum measurement, specifically the uncertainty principle, to generate truly random numbers, a significant departure from the limitations of classical random number generators. The proposed system utilizes a measurement process involving a quantum system, such as a photon polarization or a quantum bit, to produce a sequence of random bits. The generated bits are then processed to eliminate bias and ensure high uniformity. The theoretical analysis focuses on quantifying the randomness inherent in the measurement process and demonstrating the potential for generating high-quality random numbers. This work addresses the growing demand for secure communication, cryptography, and simulation applications that require truly random numbers, offering a fundamentally different approach compared to traditional methods.
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) produce random numbers based on the intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, making them true random number generators. In this paper, we design and fabricate an embedded QRNG that produces random numbers based on fluctuations of spontaneous emission and absorption in a light-emitting diode. To achieve a robust and reliable QRNG, we compare some usual post-processing methods and select the finite impulse response method for a real-time device. This device could pass the National Institute of Standards and Technology tests, the generation rate is 1 Mbit/s, and the randomness of the output data is invariant in time.