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Chinese Physics B

Enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in a quantized four-level graphene nanostructure

Ghahraman Solookinejad, M. Panahi, E Ahmadi, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour

Published Jul 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a new model is proposed for manipulating the Kerr nonlinearity of right-hand circular probe light in a monolayer of graphene nanostructure. By using the density matrix equations and quantum optical approach, the third-order susceptibility of probe light is explored numerically. It is realized that the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with zero linear absorption can be provided by selecting the appropriate quantities of controllable parameters, such as Rabi frequency and elliptical parameter of elliptical polarized coupling field. Our results may be useful applications in future all-optical system devices in nanostructures.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/25/7/074204

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In this paper, a new model is proposed for manipulating the Kerr nonlinearity of right-hand circular probe light in a monolayer of graphene nanostructure. By using the density matrix equations and quantum optical approach, the third-order susceptibility of probe light is explored numerically. It is realized that the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with zero linear absorption can be provided by selecting the appropriate quantities of controllable parameters, such as Rabi frequency and elliptical parameter of elliptical polarized coupling field. Our results may be useful applications in future all-optical system devices in nanostructures.
We discuss the electromagnetically induced grating (EIG) and electromagnetically induced phase grating (EIPG) in a four-level quantized graphene monolayer system. By using the density matrix technique and perturbation theory, we first obtain the self-Kerr nonlinear susceptibility of the graphene system; afterwards, we study the amplitude and phase modulations of the probe light. We discovered that the EIG and EIPG can be found by controlling the elliptically polarized coupling fields that interact with the monolayer graphene system. Owing to the phase modulation of the transmitted light beam, we recognized that the probe strength can also additionally switch from zeroth-order to high-order diffraction. Moreover, we found that the diffraction performance of the grating may be adjusted through tuning the polarization of the coupling light.
We study the pump-probe optical response and the third-order self-Kerr nonlinearity of a localized exciton coupled to a suspended monolayer Z-shaped graphene nanoribbon nanoresonator, while it is strongly pumped by a near-resonant electromagnetic field. We derive the quantum Langevin equations that govern the dynamics of the electron population and after expanding the physical quantities involved in a third-order series with respect to the probe field Rabi frequency, we obtain a set of density matrix differential equations. Analytical expressions for the effective linear optical susceptibility and the four-wave mixing coefficient are derived, while the third-order optical susceptibility is calculated numerically. We investigate the modification of the characteristics of the spectra related to these effects for different values of the pump field Rabi frequency, within and outside the bistability region. In the low pump field intensity regime, we detect on the spectra two doublets of resonances with quite different widths, while, in the high pump field intensity regime, the spectral profiles come as a consequence of superimposing a doublet of sharp resonances on the corresponding optical response exhibited by an uncoupled two-level system. This work may find applications in the creation of nonlinear nanophotonic devices for ultrafast optical switching and ultra-sensitive optical sensing.
Many proposals have been suggested for achieving giant Kerr nonlinearity in different medium [1,2]. In this study we propose a new model for achieving giant Kerr nonlinearity in a single layer of graphene nanostructure. The properties of electron near the Dirac points make it possible for interacting by electromagnetical fields [3]. The nonlinear optical features of graphene nanostructure in the presence of strong magnetic field have been discussed very recently in four-wave mixing [4]. To the best of our knowledge, the giant Kerr nonlinearity of graphene with zero linear and nonlinear absorption has not been reported theoretically or experimentally. The enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with zero linear absorption is very interested in nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
Abstract In this paper, we investigated the behaviors of the absorptive-dispersive properties of weak probe light based on quantum coherence and interference in a Landau-quantized graphene nanostructure driven by coherent pumping fields. The linear dynamical properties of the grapheme are discussed with reference to the density matrix method and the perturbation theory. It is found that under certain conditions and by an appropriate selection of the parameters of the medium, the absorption, dispersion and group index of the weak probe light can be controlled. Moreover, the superluminal light propagation in the system is accompanied by amplification to make sure that the probe field is amplified as it passes through the system via adjusting the corresponding controllable parameters such as the intensity, the detuning and the relative phase of the applied fields. Moreover, it is observed that the probe amplification can be obtained in the presence or absence of population inversion by properly choosing the system’s parameters. We hope that these results may have useful application in future quantum communicational systems and networks.
Abstract In this paper we have theoretically studied the spatial-temporal evolution of electromagnetic light propagation through a four-level graphene quantum system by using density matrix method and perturbation theory. The four-level graphene quantum medium interacted by an elliptical polarized coupling and a weak probe lights, respectively. We present the analytical solution for solving the Maxwell–Bloch equations for graphene and electromagnetic field in space and time domains. Then, we have analyzed the dynamic control of pulse propagation and optical dual switching in such a laser-driven quantum system. Our theoretical findings show that by adjusting the optical parameters such as elliptical angle i.e. phase difference between right-and-left circularly polarized, one can easily control the absorption spectrum and pulse propagation of the probe light in graphene medium. Our results may have potential applications in designing the new quantum devices for usage in quantum information processing.
Hybrid nanocomposites can provide a promising platform for integrated optics. Optical nonlinearity can significantly widen the range of applications of such structures. In the present paper, a theoretical investigation is carried out by solving the density matrix equations derived for a metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid system interacting with weak probe and strong control fields, in the steady state. We derive analytical expressions for linear and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the probe field. A giant self-Kerr nonlinear index of refraction is obtained in the optical region with relatively low light intensity. The optical absorption spectrum of the system demonstrates electromagnetically induced transparency and amplification without population inversion in the linear optical response arising from the negative real part of the polarizabilities for the plasmonic components at the energy of the localized surface plasmon resonance of the graphene nanodisks induced by the probe field. We find that the self-Kerr nonlinear optical properties of the system can be controlled by the geometrical features of the system, the size of metal nanoparticles and the strength of the control field. The controllable self-Kerr nonlinearities of hybrid nanocomposites can be employed in many interesting applications of modern integrated optics devices allowing for high nonlinearity with relatively low light intensity.