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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Structure of magnetic resonance in 87Rb atoms

Andrey Nikolaevich Kozlov, Sergei A. Zibrov, Alexander S. Zibrov, Valeriy I. Yudin, А. В. Тайченачев, Valery P. Yakovlev, Eugene A. Tsygankov, Alexander S. Zibrov, Vitali V. Vassiliev, Vladimir L Velichansky

Published May 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Magnetic resonance at the F g = 1 $$ \rightleftarrows $$ F e = 1 transition of the D 1 line in 87Rb has been studied with pumping and detection by linearly polarized radiation and detection at the double frequency of the radiofrequency field. The intervals of allowed values of the static and alternating magnetic fields in which magnetic resonance has a single maximum have been found. The structure appearing beyond these intervals has been explained. It has been shown that the quadratic Zeeman shift is responsible for the three-peak structure of resonance; the radiofrequency shift results in the appearance of additional extrema in resonance, which can be used to determine the relaxation constant Γ2. The possibility of application in magnetometry has been discussed.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776116050071

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 29, 2010•1 citation
Magnetic resonance at the F g = 1 ⇄\rightleftarrows⇄ F e = 1 transition of the D 1 line in 87Rb has been studied with pumping and detection by linearly polarized radiation and detection at the double frequency of the radiofrequency field. The intervals of allowed values of the static and alternating magnetic fields in which magnetic resonance has a single maximum have been found. The structure appearing beyond these intervals has been explained. It has been shown that the quadratic Zeeman shift is responsible for the three-peak structure of resonance; the radiofrequency shift results in the appearance of additional extrema in resonance, which can be used to determine the relaxation constant Γ2. The possibility of application in magnetometry has been discussed.
Theoretical and experimental study of influence of quadratic Zeeman effect on the structure of double radio-optical resonance is presented. A specific transition in 87 Rb atom is considered in the case of excitation with linearly polarized laser radiation and detection of the signal at the second harmonic of the AC magnetic field frequency. It is shown, that for small magnetic fields the magnetic resonance consists of a solitary line similarly to resonance in potassium [1]. However, for magnetic fields greater than 50 μT the line acquires two additional side-peaks without breaking its symmetry and changingposition of resonance center. The described scheme can be used in magnetometry.
Calculations are made of the frequency, intensity, and polarization of the light emitted by an atom in a $^{2}P\ensuremath{-}^{2}S$ transition in a weak magnetic field having an oscillating component. Near resonance, or when the frequency of the oscillating component approaches the Larmor frequency of one of the two states involved in the radiation process, all of the quantities calculated are modified. Qualitatively similar results are to be expected for other transitions. Observations in very weak fields would be of particular interest because they would give information on nuclear spins as well as atomic ggg-factors. Under such conditions, the Zeemann components will in general not be resolvable. There will, however, be a change in the polarization of the edges of a spectral line at resonance. It is shown that very small changes in this polarization structure are theoretically detectable.
Theoretical study and computer modeling results of the spectra of coherent dark resonances resulted from excitation of Zeeman sublevels of the Fg=2→Fe=1 transition of the D1 line in 87Rb atoms by a frequency-modulated laser field are presented and discussed in detail. The influence of the nonlinear Zeeman effect on the structure of the coherent dark resonances is observed. It is shown that calculated for different values of the magnetic field spectra are in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Excitation of atoms in a vapor by polarized light produces unequal population of the magnetic sublevels of the excited state. The emitted optical resonance radiation is therefore partly polarized. The application of radiofrequency or microwave fields at a magnetic resonance frequency will induce transitions between sublevels of the excited state. The degree of polarization of the emitted optical resonance radiation is altered when the magnetic resonance condition is fulfilled. As suggested by Brossel and Kastler, this effect may be used to reveal the structure of the energy level. A detailed theory applicable to, and experiments on the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state of all the isotopes of mercury are reported. The results obtained indicate that double resonance phenomena constitute a valuable new tool for investigating the structure of atomic energy levels. The mean life of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state is shown by observations on the resonance line widths to be 1.55\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ sec for all the isotopes. The ggg-factor of the 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state for isotopes with zero spin, measured in terms of the proton ggg-factor, is 1.4838\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0004.
We have observed magnetic resonance of Rb atoms passing through a periodic magnetic field produced by a stack of planar arrays of parallel current-carrying wires ("magnetic lattice"). The magnetic resonance occurs between the Zeeman-split sublevels of Rb atoms when the frequency of the field oscillation that the atoms experience equals the transition frequency. A pump laser polarizes Rb atoms with a specific velocity selected by the Doppler effect and a probe laser detects the magnetic resonance. The obtained narrowest resonance lines have widths mainly determined by the transit-time broadening.
The so-called "λ/2-Zeeman technique" (HLZT) for studies of individual optical transition between Zeeman sublevels of atomic hyperfine structure in an external magnetic field of B = 10 - 2500 G is presented. Particularly, implementation of HLZT allows one to realize a direct determination of frequency shift and a strong modification of an optical transition probability between Zeeman components in a B-field. The main advantages of the method compared to "λ-Zeeman technique" (LZT) is that it allows one to study weak transitions. Particularly, with the help of fluorescence on 87Rb, D2 line, Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 transitions, three "forbidden" transitions in magnetic field B are detected and studied. Also, on 87Rb D1 line, Fg = 1, mF = 0 → Fe = 1, mF = 0 "forbidden" transition is detected when B ~ 400 G. A strong modification of the probability for these "forbidden" transitions is revealed. The theoretical model well describes the observed results.