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Scientific Reports

Multipartite entanglement indicators based on monogamy relations of n-qubit symmetric states

Feng Liu, Fei Gao, Su‐Juan Qin, Shu-Cui Xie, Qiaoyan Wen

Published Feb 4, 2016• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Constructed from Bai-Xu-Wang-class monogamy relations, multipartite entanglement indicators can detect the entanglement not stored in pairs of the focus particle and the other subset of particles. We investigate the k-partite entanglement indicators related to the αth power of entanglement of formation (αEoF) for k ≤ n, αϵ and n-qubit symmetric states. We then show that (1) The indicator based on αEoF is a monotonically increasing function of k. (2) When n is large enough, the indicator based on αEoF is a monotonically decreasing function of α, and then the n-partite indicator based on works best. However, the indicator based on 2 EoF works better when n is small enough.

DOI
10.1038/srep20302

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Constructed from Bai-Xu-Wang-class monogamy relations, multipartite entanglement indicators can detect the entanglement not stored in pairs of the focus particle and the other subset of particles. We investigate the k-partite entanglement indicators related to the αth power of entanglement of formation (αEoF) for k ≤ n, αϵ and n-qubit symmetric states. We then show that (1) The indicator based on αEoF is a monotonically increasing function of k. (2) When n is large enough, the indicator based on αEoF is a monotonically decreasing function of α, and then the n-partite indicator based on works best. However, the indicator based on 2 EoF works better when n is small enough.
Unified-(q, s) entanglement [Formula: see text] is a generalized bipartite entanglement measure, which encompasses Tsallis-q entanglement, Rényi-q entanglement, and entanglement of formation as its special cases. We first provide the extended (q; s) region of the generalized analytic formula of [Formula: see text]. Then, the monogamy relation based on the squared [Formula: see text] for arbitrary multiqubit mixed states is proved. The monogamy relation proved in this paper enables us to construct an entanglement indicator that can be utilized to identify all genuine multiqubit entangled states even the cases where three tangle of concurrence loses its efficiency. It is shown that this monogamy relation also holds true for the generalized W-class state. The αth power [Formula: see text] based general monogamy and polygamy inequalities are established for tripartite qubit states.
We show exactly that the squared entanglement of formation (SEF) obeys a set of hierarchical monogamy relations for an arbitrary NNN-qubit mixed state. Based on this set of monogamy relations, we are able to construct the set of hierarchical multipartite entanglement indicators for NNN-qubit states, which still work well even when the concurrence-based indicators lose efficacy. As a by-product, an intriguing analytical relation between the entanglement of formation (EOF) and squared concurrence (SC) for an arbitrary mixed state of $2\ensuremath{\bigotimes}d$ systems is derived, making the concurrence calculable via the corresponding EOF. Furthermore, we analyze the multipartite entanglement dynamics in composite cavity-reservoir systems with the present set of hierarchical indicators. Moreover, for multilevel systems, it is illustrated that the SEF can be monogamous even if the SC is polygamous.
Tsallis-q entanglement is a bipartite entanglement measure which is the generalization of entanglement of formation for q tending to 1. We first expand the range of q for the analytic formula of Tsallis-q entanglement. For , we prove the monogamy relation in terms of the squared Tsallis-q entanglement for an arbitrary multi-qubit systems. It is shown that the multipartite entanglement indicator based on squared Tsallis-q entanglement still works well even when the indicator based on the squared concurrence loses its efficacy. We also show that the μ-th power of Tsallis-q entanglement satisfies the monogamy or polygamy inequalities for any three-qubit state.
We prove exactly that the squared entanglement of formation, which quantifies the bipartite entanglement, obeys a general monogamy inequality in an arbitrary multiqubit mixed state. Based on this kind of exotic monogamy relation, we are able to construct two sets of useful entanglement indicators: the first one can detect all genuine multiqubit entangled states even in the case of the two-qubit concurrence and n-tangles being zero, while the second one can be calculated via quantum discord and applied to multipartite entanglement dynamics. Moreover, we give a computable and nontrivial lower bound for multiqubit entanglement of formation.
We prove that the squared R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement ($\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$), which is the generalization of entanglement of formation, obeys a general monogamy inequality in an arbitrary NNN-qubit mixed state. Furthermore, for a class of R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement, we prove that the monogamy relations of the $\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$ have a hierarchical structure when the NNN-qubit system is divided into kkk parties. As a by-product, the analytical relation between the R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement and the squared concurrence is derived for bipartite $2\ensuremath{\bigotimes}d$ systems. Based on the monogamy properties of $\mathrm{SR}\ensuremath{\alpha}\mathrm{E}$, we can construct the corresponding multipartite entanglement indicators, which still work well even when the indicators based on the squared concurrence and EOF lose their efficacy. In addition, the monogamy property of the $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{th}$ power of R\'enyi-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ entanglement is analyzed.
Monogamy relation is one of the essential properties of quantum entanglement, which characterizes the distribution of entanglement in a multipartite system. By virtual of the unified-(q,s) entropy, we obtain some novel monogamy and polygamy inequalities in general class of entanglement measures. For the multiqubit system, a class of tighter monogamy relations are established in term of the α-th power of unified-(q,s) entanglement for α ≥ 1. We also obtain a class of tighter polygamy relations in the β-th (0 ≤ β ≤ 1) power of unified-(q,s) entanglement of assistance. Applying these results to specific quantum correlations, e.g., entanglement of formation, Renyi-q entanglement of assistance, and Tsallis-q entanglement of assistance, we obtain the corresponding monogamy and polygamy relations. Typical examples are presented for illustration. Furthermore, the complementary monogamy and polygamy relations are investigated for the α-th (0 ≤ α ≤ 1) and β-th (β ≥ 1) powers of unified entropy, respectively, and the corresponding monogamy and polygamy inequalities are obtained.