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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Subrecoil-cooling schemes for cesium

Ralph Dum

Published May 22, 1995• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Models for subrecoil cooling that use velocity-selective coherent population trapping1 have been restricted to the hyperfine transitions J = 1 → J = 1; typically, experiments have been performed on helium or sodium.1 By using a bichromatic laser field on the J = 3 → J = 4 and the J = 4 → J = 4 hyperfine transitions, we obtain a velocity-selective trapping state for cesium.

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Models for subrecoil cooling that use velocity-selective coherent population trapping1 have been restricted to the hyperfine transitions J = 1 → J = 1; typically, experiments have been performed on helium or sodium.1 By using a bichromatic laser field on the J = 3 → J = 4 and the J = 4 → J = 4 hyperfine transitions, we obtain a velocity-selective trapping state for cesium.
We demonstrate subrecoil cooling of rubidium atoms by velocity-selective coherent population trapping. By adiabatic transfer of the cooled atoms into a spin polarized single momentum state we show the coherence of the trapped state. Our cooling scheme takes advantage of the rubidium hyperfine structure to integrate subrecoil and sub-Doppler cooling. Starting from an initial velocity distribution of twice the recoil temperature $[{T}_{\mathrm{rec}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\Elzxh}k{)}^{2}{/k}_{B}M]$, we cool down to 100 nK $(\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{3}{T}_{\mathrm{rec}})$ within 1 ms, while almost completely suppressing the diffusive heating of velocity-selective coherent population trapping.
Two-dimensional laser cooling based on velocity-selective coherent population trapping is investigated theoretically for the J = 1 ↔ J = 1 atomic transition. Wave vectors and polarizations of three laser beams are chosen to realize a coherent superposition of three degenerate ground states. For the first time forces related to Doppler and interference effects are combined with coherent population trapping to realize a very efficient cooling. Numerical solutions are presented for laser cooling of helium atoms.
We report the first observation of subrecoil laser cooling in three dimensions, where we use the method of velocity-selective coherent population trapping. We have cooled a cloud of trapped metastable helium atoms to 180 nK, 22 times below the single-photon recoil temperature, with an enhancement in the momentum-space density of 16. We find that the efficiency with which the velocity-selective trap is populated can be augmented by Sisyphus-type frictional forces, while the cooling process is accompanied by the diffusion of atoms to states of very high velocity.
We report the first observation of subrecoil laser cooling in two dimensions by velocity selective coherent population trapping. We have compressed the momentum distribution of a cloud of trapped metastable helium atoms along two orthogonal axes to $\ensuremath{\delta}p=\frac{\ensuremath{\hbar}k}{4}$, where $\ensuremath{\hbar}k$ is the photon momentum. The corresponding temperature, 16 times below the single-photon recoil temperature, is 250 nK. Atoms are pumped into a nonabsorbing state exhibiting four well-resolved momentum peaks with subrecoil widths. The momentum space density in the peaks is significantly greater than that in the uncooled distribution.