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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences

Velocity-selective coherent population trapping in caesium ions

E. Arimondo

Published Dec 15, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The extension to high angular momentum transitions of laser cooling below the recoil limit based on velocity–selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) is explored. An efficient VSCPT can be realized only by applying a compensation of the kinetic energy mismatch between the components of the superposition wavefunction and introducing repumping on the hyperfine transitions. Theoretical and experimental progress for VSCPT on cesium atoms is discussed.

DOI
10.1098/rsta.1997.0137

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The extension to high angular momentum transitions of laser cooling below the recoil limit based on velocity–selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) is explored. An efficient VSCPT can be realized only by applying a compensation of the kinetic energy mismatch between the components of the superposition wavefunction and introducing repumping on the hyperfine transitions. Theoretical and experimental progress for VSCPT on cesium atoms is discussed.
We study a class of laser cooling schemes that combine velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) with Doppler cooling mechanisms. The Doppler mechanism prevents the atoms from diffusing into the region of high momentum, thereby removing the characteristic long-time asymptotic behaviour of VSCPT where, in the end, all the atoms escape from the trap. It is shown that the transition Jg = 2 to Je = 1 while maintaining the simple field configuration present in the original VSCPT case provides the additional Doppler mechanism and leads to virtually zero temperature without the loss of atoms that characterize the original VSCPT dynamics.
We give a systematic analysis of the extension of the one-dimensional velocity-selective coherent population trapping cooling mechanism to atoms with integer angular momenta F>1F>1F>1 using additional light shifts to compensate for the kinetic energy mismatch between the various Zeeman sublevels contributing to the internally decoupled (i.e., dark) state of the atom. Different configurations to achieve the proper light shifts to obtain a very long lifetime of the velocity-selective dark states are discussed and compared. In addition we show that the maximum occupation probability of the resulting quasidark state and its filling time scale strongly depend on the proper choice of detunings to exploit extra precooling mechanisms involving the Zeeman sublevels not contributing to the dark state. We show that additional cooling can also be implemented on the hyperfine repumping transition. This result should prove important for other schemes involving gray states such as, e.g., dark optical lattices and superlattices as well. As a concrete example we consider cesium including all relevant hyperfine levels.
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in velocity selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT).1 However, since VSCPT occurs via a random walk in momentum space, in order to achieve significant VSCPT in three dimensions, it is necessary to precool and confine atoms dose to the recoil momentum. Shahriar et al.2 recently predicted that this type of cooling and velocity confinement assisted VSCPT can be achieved in one, two, or three dimensions when a Λ-system atom is excited by a pair of blue detuned Raman resonant standing waves, with a phase difference of θ = π/4.
ABSTRACT In this work we present an investigation of velocity-selective coherent population trapping (VSCPT) in asym- metric three-level schemes. The light force in such schemes is of an intrinsically transient character and shouldnot be described in a quasiclassical approach. Instead, results of the full quantum-mechanical calculations are presented with emphasis on their meaning to the efficiency of subrecoil laser cooling. 1 INTRODUCTION Laser cooling of neutral atoms has received significant advances by the introduction of velocity-selectivecoherent population trapping ((VSCPT) some years ago.1 Since it leads to atomic temperatures well below therecoil limit, studies of ultracold atoms and atomic interactions may be improved by magnitudes.The effect of VSCPT relies on optical pumping of atoms into a state WNC) which is a trap state for a certaincenter-of-mass velocity vO. This trap state is created by a destructive superposition of atomic states within amultilevel quantum system. Once being in such a state LWNC) the laser light does not interact anymore with theatom which leads to a decoupling with the rest of the system at vo. Atoms located outside this small velocityregion get a chance to be trapped by the momentum diffusion due to spontaneous emission of photons. Aftera sufficient long interaction time nearly all atoms are trapped inside a narrow momentum distribution whichcan be interpreted as cooling. The theoretical and experimental investigation of VSCPT is usually consideredby use of a three-level A-system as shown in Fig.1. Such a system can be found for example in a symmetrical