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Integrating Entanglement Swapping into Secure Socket Layer — Handshake Protocol

Gabriela Mogos

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The protocol Secure Sockets Layer uses a combination of symmetrical and symmetrical encryptions. As we know, encryption with symmetrical keys is more rapid than the one with public keys, the latter offering, however, a much better method of authentication. The protocol Secure Sockets Layer-handshake allows the authentication client-server and the cooperation between parties for the creation of symmetrical keys used for encryption and decryption.

DOI
10.1115/1.859711.paper1

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The protocol Secure Sockets Layer uses a combination of symmetrical and symmetrical encryptions. As we know, encryption with symmetrical keys is more rapid than the one with public keys, the latter offering, however, a much better method of authentication. The protocol Secure Sockets Layer-handshake allows the authentication client-server and the cooperation between parties for the creation of symmetrical keys used for encryption and decryption.
The Secure Sockets Layer protocol is a protocol layer which may be placed between a reliable connection-oriented network layer protocol and the application protocol layer. Secure Sockets Layer provides for secure communication between client and server by allowing mutual authentication, the use of digital signatures for integrity, and encryption for privacy. The protocol is designed to support a range of choices for specific algorithms used for cryptography, digests, and signatures. This allows algorithm selection for specific servers to be made based on legal, export or other concerns, and also enables the protocol to take advantage of new algorithms. This work proposes the replacement of classical techniques of client-server authentication by a quantum one, which is not vulnerable to the cybernetic attacks, and which solves the problem of Secure Sockets Layer protocol security.
Secure data exchange over the network is ensured by the requirements of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. To meet these requirements, sent data is encrypted on the sending side, and the received information is decrypted on the receiving side. Transmitted message is encrypted according to rules determined by the algorithm and key. Crypto security of encrypted information depends on the key length. Among the encryption algorithms, there are algorithms with a symmetric (private) key and with an asymmetric (public) key. Despite all the advantages of a private key, asymmetric keys are used to deliver it from one user to another (key distribution). However, high-performance quantum computers are capable to decrypt intercepted data. Therefore, modern cryptographic systems use quantum key distribution method. The idea of using quantum bits was proposed in 1970 by S. Wiesner. In 1984, Ch. Bennett and G. Brassard proposed the BB84 protocol. The use of «entangled » quanta for systems with quantum key distribution was offerred in 1991 by A. Eckert. All modern quantum cryptography systems are based on these above-mentioned protocols.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is an extensively deployed secure connection protocol. However, with the advent of quantum computing technology, the SSL protocol based on traditional keys presents security concerns. In this paper, we proffer a novel scheme that combines the SSL protocol with the national cryptographic algorithm, along with the incorporation of quantum keys to address the foreseen quantum security concerns. Furthermore, we leverage post-quantum cryptography techniques to augment and refine the current encryption suit. Experimental evidence indicates that the SSL communication system outlined in this study exhibits good performance regarding throughput and latency, bolstering the security of data transmission.
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols are essential for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of data communications. Mutual authentication between client and server is crucial in high-security scenarios such as finance and government. However, existing TLS protocols typically rely on certificate-based public key infrastructures (PKI) for client authentication, which increases deployment complexity and introduces risks associated with third-party trust. In contrast, password-authenticated TLS protocols use memorable passwords for client authentication, offering advantages in simplicity and usability. Nonetheless, such protocols remain vulnerable to server compromise and fail to provide sufficient security against quantum adversaries.To address these challenges, we propose a novel TLS protocol based on asymmetric password-authenticated key exchange (PAKE). The protocol employs an asymmetric PAKE mechanism wherein only password-derived information is stored on the server, while the client derives its private key from the password. This design effectively mitigates the risk of server leakage attacks. The protocol further integrates two types of post-quantum secure key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs): an OW-ChCCA (One-Way Checkable against Chosen-Ciphertext Attacks) secure KEM for server key exchange and authentication, and an OW-PCA (One-Way Plaintext-Checkable Attacks) secure KEM for binding the client’s password-derived private key to enable client authentication. Both KEMs support multi-user, multi-challenge settings and admit tight, post-quantum secure instantiations.Furthermore, this paper provides a formal security analysis of the proposed protocol within an optimized multi-stage key exchange model. By combining the random oracle and ideal cipher models with a game-based proof methodology, we demonstrate that the protocol achieves mutual authentication and forward secrecy, while also providing tight security bounds and post-quantum resilience. This work thus presents a promising solution for constructing post-quantum password-authenticated TLS protocols.
E-learning communication security should be considered to ensure sensitive message transmission. Authenticated key agreement protocol in the client- server setting is the fundamental building block for ensuring client-server entity authentication, data confidentiality and integrity. So far, great deals of two- party authenticated key agreement protocols were proposed based on traditional public key cryptography and identity-based cryptography, but the certificateless-based authenticated key agreement protocol is seldom discussed. In this paper, we propose such a secure protocol from a certificateless public key encryption scheme due to Park et al. Compared to other comparable protocols, it achieves more security attributes, such as no-key escrow, perfect forward secrecy, known session-specific temporary information security and no-key control etc. Meanwhile, it keeps nice efficiency.