Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Physics Conference Series

Combined EPR and ODMR study of Ce3+optical emitters in yttrium aluminium garnet

A. S. Gurin, D. D. Kramushchenko, Yu. A. Uspenskaya, G R Asatryan, Ashot G. Petrosyan, D. O. Tolmachev, N. G. Romanov, P. G. Baranov

Published Dec 2, 2015• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was detected in the ground state of Ce 3+ ions in YAG:Ce single crystals by monitoring the intensity of photoluminescence under nonresonant excitation. The photoluminescence intensity was found to increase strongly in magnetic field at liquid helium temperature. The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) effect was of the order of percents and corresponded to resonance decrease in the luminescence intensity. ODMR correlated with the conventional EPR spectra of Ce 3+ ions, which occupy the dodecahedral Y 3+ sites in the YAG crystal lattice. The increase of the PL intensity in magnetic field was concluded to be caused by Boltzmann distribution between spin sublevels of the ground state of Ce 3+ ions. The ODMR tend to equalize the populations of levels in resonance and results to a decrease of PL intensity. Different types of Ce 3+ centres characterized by the presence of nearby antisite defects were observed, which should be taken into account in applications of single ion spectroscopy based applications of YAG:Ce.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/661/1/012039

Related papers

Fluorescence and magnetic resonance spectra of Nd3+ and Er3+ ions in single crystals of LaCl3

CLYDE A. JUN. HUTCHISON, S. G. Utterback, Philip Meadows Martineau

This article presents the results of experiments in which the 19 429.67-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ emission of an ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ laser is used to pump the ${Z}_{1}$, $^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}$, \ensuremath{\mu}=(5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${F}_{1}$, $^{2}\mathrm{G}_{9/2}$, \ensuremath{\mu}=(1/2 transition of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ ions dilutely substituted at ${\mathrm{La}}^{3+}$ sites in ${\mathrm{LaCl}}_{3}$ crystals in an \ensuremath{\sim}1.6-K bath of liquid He. In some of the work ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions are also present. When an external magnetic field is applied electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption of microwave energy by either ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ or ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ results in marked intensity changes of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ fluorescence emissions. The essential new feature of this work is the observation of the importance of the effects of the heating of the crystal above the bath temperature by both optical and microwave absorption. The heating by phonons generated in the radiationless transitions associated with the optical pumping cycle results in the emission of 17 E and D ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ fluorescences not observed in previous work with the crystal at \ensuremath{\sim}1.6 K. Because of the encapsulation of the crystals in silica envelopes in these experiments, the heating effects are especially marked at higher laser powers.These new fluorescences result from the state population redistributions effected by the rise in temperature of the crystal. EPR microwave absorption by either ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ or ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ accompanied by spin-lattice relaxation results in a further increase in crystal temperature and further ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ state population redistributions with concommitant changes in the intensities of the fluorescence emissions from these states of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$. This affords a new mechanism for optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of these rare-earth ions. This new mechanism for ODMR produces optical signals strikingly different from those previously studied which result from the changes in the populations of the two components of the ground ${Z}_{1}$ doublet of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ produced by ${Z}_{1}$ microwave absorption or by microwave absorption by the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ground doublet with subsequent transfer of Zeeman quanta between ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ and resultant changes in optical pumping rates and fluorescence emissions. The factors contributing to the new mechanism for ODMR also account for the observed changes with temperature in the characters of the decays of the ODMR signals when microwave irradiation is terminated. With constant intensity laser irradiation in the absence of external magnetic fields the 28 observed fluorescence emissions oscillate in synchrony at frequencies (1/2 to (1/3 Hz, when the laser irradiation intensity lies in a certain narrow range. Several mechanisms considered as explanations of this phenomenon have failed to account for its observed features. It is clear, however, that these oscillations of emission intensity are accompanied by oscillations in the temperature of the crystal and of the populations of the emitting states.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Mar 1, 1989•4 citations

Mapping Spin Coherence of a Single Rare-Earth Ion in a Crystal onto a Single Photon Polarization State

Roman L. Kolesov, Kangwei Xia, Rolf Reuter +5 more

We report on optical detection of a single photostable Ce(3+) ion in an yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal and on its magneto-optical properties at room temperature. The spin quantum state of the emitting level of a single cerium ion in YAG can be initialized by a circularly polarized laser pulse. Coherent precession of the electron spin is read out by observing temporal behavior of circularly polarized fluorescence of the ion. This implies direct mapping of the spin quantum state of Ce(3+) ion onto the polarization state of the emitted photon and represents the quantum interface between a single spin and a single photon.

arXiv:1301.5215•Physical Review Letters•Sep 20, 2013•83 citations

Electron spin dynamics of Ce3+ ions in YAG crystals studied by pulse-EPR and pump-probe Faraday rotation

Д. В. Азамат, V. V. Belykh, Dmitri R. Yakovlev +6 more

The spin relaxation dynamics of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions in heavily cerium-doped YAG crystals is studied using pulse-electron paramagnetic resonance and time-resolved pump-probe Faraday rotation. Both techniques address the $4f$ ground state, while pump-probe Faraday rotation also provides access to the excited $5d$ state. We measure a millisecond spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$, a microsecond spin coherence time ${T}_{2}$, and a $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ ns inhomogeneous spin dephasing time ${T}_{2}^{*}$ for the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ground state at low temperatures. The spin-lattice relaxation of ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions is due to modified Raman processes involving the optical phonon mode at $\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}125\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The relaxation at higher temperature goes through a first excited level of the $^{2}\mathrm{F}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ term at about $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\approx}228\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Effects provided by the hyperfine interaction of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ with the $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ nuclei are observed.

arXiv:1709.01997•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Aug 30, 2017•11 citations

EPR Spectroscopy of Impurity Thulium Ions in Yttrium Orthosilicate Single Crystals

Andrey A. Sukhanov, Valery F. Tarasov, Yu. D. Zavartsev +2 more

The frequency-field and orientation dependences of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are measured for impurity Tm 3+ ions in yttrium orthosilicate (Y 2 SiO 5 ) single crystals by stationary EPR spectroscopy in the frequency range of 50–100 GHz at 4.2 K. The position of the impurity ion in the crystal lattice and its magnetic characteristics are determined. The temperature dependences of the spin–lattice and phase relaxation times are measured by pulse EPR methods in the temperature range of 5–15 K and the high efficiency of the direct single-phonon mechanism of spin–lattice relaxation is established. This greatly shortens the spin–lattice relaxation time at low temperatures and makes impurity Tm 3+ ions in Y 2 SiO 5 a promising basis for the implementation of high-speed quantum memory based on rare-earth ions in dielectric crystals.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Aug 1, 2018•8 citations

Hyperfine interaction of Er 3 + ions in Y 2 Si O 5 : An electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy study

O. Guillot-Noël, Philippe Goldner, Y. Le Du +3 more

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of rare earth ions in crystals is a powerful tool to analyze the hyperfine structure of the rare earth ground state. This can be useful for coherent spectroscopy and quantum information applications where the hyperfine structure of the electronic levels is used. In this work, we give a detailed analysis of the hyperfine structure of the ground state $[^{4}I_{15∕2}(0)]$ of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$. The electronic Zeeman, hyperfine, and quadrupole matrices are obtained from angular variations of the magnetic field in three orthogonal crystal planes. An excellent agreement is obtained between experimental and simulated magnetic field positions and relative intensities of EPR lines.

Physical Review B•Dec 11, 2006•81 citations

Crystal field and hyperfine structure of Er3+167 in YPO4 :Er single crystals: High-resolution optical and EPR spectroscopy

Marina N. Popova, С. А. Климин, Sergey A. Moiseev +6 more

We report on a high-resolution optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy, luminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of yttrium orthophosphate single crystals doped with erbium, which are promising telecom-wavelength materials for applications in quantum electronics and quantum information processing. An observation of the hyperfine structure in optical spectra of $^{167}\mathrm{Er}$ isotope in ${\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}$ is presented. Energies and symmetries of 40 crystal-field levels of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ in ${\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}$ and $g$ factors of some of them were determined and successfully modeled on the basis of crystal-field calculations. The obtained set of crystal-field parameters was used in modeling the hyperfine structure observed in the optical and EPR spectra of ${\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}$ single crystals.

Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jun 26, 2019•23 citations
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was detected in the ground state of Ce 3+ ions in YAG:Ce single crystals by monitoring the intensity of photoluminescence under nonresonant excitation. The photoluminescence intensity was found to increase strongly in magnetic field at liquid helium temperature. The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) effect was of the order of percents and corresponded to resonance decrease in the luminescence intensity. ODMR correlated with the conventional EPR spectra of Ce 3+ ions, which occupy the dodecahedral Y 3+ sites in the YAG crystal lattice. The increase of the PL intensity in magnetic field was concluded to be caused by Boltzmann distribution between spin sublevels of the ground state of Ce 3+ ions. The ODMR tend to equalize the populations of levels in resonance and results to a decrease of PL intensity. Different types of Ce 3+ centres characterized by the presence of nearby antisite defects were observed, which should be taken into account in applications of single ion spectroscopy based applications of YAG:Ce.
This article presents the results of experiments in which the 19 429.67-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ emission of an Ar+{\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}Ar+ laser is used to pump the Z1{Z}_{1}Z1​, 4I9/2^{4}\mathrm{I}_{9/2}4I9/2​, \ensuremath{\mu}=(5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F1{F}_{1}F1​, 2G9/2^{2}\mathrm{G}_{9/2}2G9/2​, \ensuremath{\mu}=(1/2 transition of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ ions dilutely substituted at La3+{\mathrm{La}}^{3+}La3+ sites in LaCl3{\mathrm{LaCl}}_{3}LaCl3​ crystals in an \ensuremath{\sim}1.6-K bath of liquid He. In some of the work Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ ions are also present. When an external magnetic field is applied electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption of microwave energy by either Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ or Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ results in marked intensity changes of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ fluorescence emissions. The essential new feature of this work is the observation of the importance of the effects of the heating of the crystal above the bath temperature by both optical and microwave absorption. The heating by phonons generated in the radiationless transitions associated with the optical pumping cycle results in the emission of 17 E and D Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ fluorescences not observed in previous work with the crystal at \ensuremath{\sim}1.6 K. Because of the encapsulation of the crystals in silica envelopes in these experiments, the heating effects are especially marked at higher laser powers.These new fluorescences result from the state population redistributions effected by the rise in temperature of the crystal. EPR microwave absorption by either Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ or Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ accompanied by spin-lattice relaxation results in a further increase in crystal temperature and further Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ state population redistributions with concommitant changes in the intensities of the fluorescence emissions from these states of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+. This affords a new mechanism for optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of these rare-earth ions. This new mechanism for ODMR produces optical signals strikingly different from those previously studied which result from the changes in the populations of the two components of the ground Z1{Z}_{1}Z1​ doublet of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ produced by Z1{Z}_{1}Z1​ microwave absorption or by microwave absorption by the Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ ground doublet with subsequent transfer of Zeeman quanta between Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ and Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ and resultant changes in optical pumping rates and fluorescence emissions. The factors contributing to the new mechanism for ODMR also account for the observed changes with temperature in the characters of the decays of the ODMR signals when microwave irradiation is terminated. With constant intensity laser irradiation in the absence of external magnetic fields the 28 observed fluorescence emissions oscillate in synchrony at frequencies (1/2 to (1/3 Hz, when the laser irradiation intensity lies in a certain narrow range. Several mechanisms considered as explanations of this phenomenon have failed to account for its observed features. It is clear, however, that these oscillations of emission intensity are accompanied by oscillations in the temperature of the crystal and of the populations of the emitting states.
We report on optical detection of a single photostable Ce(3+) ion in an yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal and on its magneto-optical properties at room temperature. The spin quantum state of the emitting level of a single cerium ion in YAG can be initialized by a circularly polarized laser pulse. Coherent precession of the electron spin is read out by observing temporal behavior of circularly polarized fluorescence of the ion. This implies direct mapping of the spin quantum state of Ce(3+) ion onto the polarization state of the emitted photon and represents the quantum interface between a single spin and a single photon.
The spin relaxation dynamics of Ce3+{\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}Ce3+ ions in heavily cerium-doped YAG crystals is studied using pulse-electron paramagnetic resonance and time-resolved pump-probe Faraday rotation. Both techniques address the 4f4f4f ground state, while pump-probe Faraday rotation also provides access to the excited 5d5d5d state. We measure a millisecond spin-lattice relaxation time T1{T}_{1}T1​, a microsecond spin coherence time T2{T}_{2}T2​, and a $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ ns inhomogeneous spin dephasing time T2∗{T}_{2}^{*}T2∗​ for the Ce3+{\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}Ce3+ ground state at low temperatures. The spin-lattice relaxation of Ce3+{\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}Ce3+ ions is due to modified Raman processes involving the optical phonon mode at $\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}125\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The relaxation at higher temperature goes through a first excited level of the 2F52^{2}\mathrm{F}_{\frac{5}{2}}2F25​​ term at about $\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\approx}228\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Effects provided by the hyperfine interaction of the Ce3+{\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}Ce3+ with the 27Al^{27}\mathrm{Al}27Al nuclei are observed.
The frequency-field and orientation dependences of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are measured for impurity Tm 3+ ions in yttrium orthosilicate (Y 2 SiO 5 ) single crystals by stationary EPR spectroscopy in the frequency range of 50–100 GHz at 4.2 K. The position of the impurity ion in the crystal lattice and its magnetic characteristics are determined. The temperature dependences of the spin–lattice and phase relaxation times are measured by pulse EPR methods in the temperature range of 5–15 K and the high efficiency of the direct single-phonon mechanism of spin–lattice relaxation is established. This greatly shortens the spin–lattice relaxation time at low temperatures and makes impurity Tm 3+ ions in Y 2 SiO 5 a promising basis for the implementation of high-speed quantum memory based on rare-earth ions in dielectric crystals.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of rare earth ions in crystals is a powerful tool to analyze the hyperfine structure of the rare earth ground state. This can be useful for coherent spectroscopy and quantum information applications where the hyperfine structure of the electronic levels is used. In this work, we give a detailed analysis of the hyperfine structure of the ground state [4I15∕2(0)][^{4}I_{15∕2}(0)][4I15∕2​(0)] of Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ ions in Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}Y2​SiO5​. The electronic Zeeman, hyperfine, and quadrupole matrices are obtained from angular variations of the magnetic field in three orthogonal crystal planes. An excellent agreement is obtained between experimental and simulated magnetic field positions and relative intensities of EPR lines.
We report on a high-resolution optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy, luminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of yttrium orthophosphate single crystals doped with erbium, which are promising telecom-wavelength materials for applications in quantum electronics and quantum information processing. An observation of the hyperfine structure in optical spectra of 167Er^{167}\mathrm{Er}167Er isotope in Er:YPO4{\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}Er:YPO4​ is presented. Energies and symmetries of 40 crystal-field levels of Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ in Er:YPO4{\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}Er:YPO4​ and ggg factors of some of them were determined and successfully modeled on the basis of crystal-field calculations. The obtained set of crystal-field parameters was used in modeling the hyperfine structure observed in the optical and EPR spectra of Er:YPO4{\mathrm{Er}:\mathrm{YPO}}_{4}Er:YPO4​ single crystals.