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Physics World

Quantum communication arrives in the laboratory

B. Hüttner

Published Oct 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A Fundamental limitation of classical communication channels is that a two-state system can only transmit one bit of information: one state represents 0s and the other represents 1s. If the information carrier is a quantum system, however, theory holds that this is no longer true. Anton Zeilinger and colleagues at the University of Innsbruck have now provided experimental evidence for this theoretical idea (K Mattle et at. 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4656). They used a two-level quantum system, the polarization of a single photon, to send a "trit" of information. A trit has three possible values – 0, 1 or 2 – and is equivalent to 1.58 bits.

DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/9/10/19

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We suggest a method to perform a quantum logic gate between distant quantum bits (qubits) by off-resonant field-atom dispersive interactions. The scheme we present is shown to work ideally even in the presence of errors in the photon channels used for communication. The stability against errors arises from the paradoxical situation that the transmitted photons carry no information about the state of the qubits. In contrast to a previous proposal for ideal communication [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4293 (1997)] our proposal only involves single atoms in the sending and receiving devices.