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IEEE Transactions on Communications

Physical Layer Security With RF Energy Harvesting in AF Multi-Antenna Relaying Networks

Abdelhamid Salem, Khairi Ashour Hamdi, Khaled Maaiuf Rabie

Published May 27, 2016• 131 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the secrecy capacity of a half-duplex energy harvesting (EH)-based multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relay network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. During the first phase, while the source is in the transmission mode, the legitimate destination transmits an auxiliary artificial noise (AN) signal which has two distinct purposes: 1) to transfer power to the relay and 2) to improve system security. Since the AN is known at the legitimate destination, it is easily cancelled at the intended destination, which is not the case at the eavesdropper. In this respect, we derive new exact analytical expressions for the ergodic secrecy capacity for various well-known EH relaying protocols, namely, time switching relaying (TSR), power splitting relaying (PSR), and ideal relaying receiver (IRR). Monte Carlo simulations are also provided throughout our investigations to validate the analysis. The impacts of some important system parameters, such as EH time, power splitting ratio, relay location, AN power, EH efficiency, and the number of relay antennas, on the system performance are investigated. The results reveal that the PSR protocol generally outperforms the TSR approach in terms of the secrecy capacity.

DOI
10.1109/tcomm.2016.2573829

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In this paper, we analyze the secrecy capacity of a half-duplex energy harvesting (EH)-based multi-antenna amplify-and-forward relay network in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. During the first phase, while the source is in the transmission mode, the legitimate destination transmits an auxiliary artificial noise (AN) signal which has two distinct purposes: 1) to transfer power to the relay and 2) to improve system security. Since the AN is known at the legitimate destination, it is easily cancelled at the intended destination, which is not the case at the eavesdropper. In this respect, we derive new exact analytical expressions for the ergodic secrecy capacity for various well-known EH relaying protocols, namely, time switching relaying (TSR), power splitting relaying (PSR), and ideal relaying receiver (IRR). Monte Carlo simulations are also provided throughout our investigations to validate the analysis. The impacts of some important system parameters, such as EH time, power splitting ratio, relay location, AN power, EH efficiency, and the number of relay antennas, on the system performance are investigated. The results reveal that the PSR protocol generally outperforms the TSR approach in terms of the secrecy capacity.
This paper analyzes the ergodic secrecy capacity of an energy-constrained multiple-antennas amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying system in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In the first phase, the source broadcasts information signal, while the destination sends an artificial jamming signal. The jamming signal has two main purposes: 1) enhancing the system security; 2) increasing the energy harvesting (EH) at the relay node. In the second phase, the relay uses the harvested energy to amplify and forward the received signal to the destination. For this system model, explicit mathematical expressions for the ergodic secrecy capacity are derived for three different common EH-relaying protocols, namely, power splitting relaying (PSR), antenna selection and power splitting (ASPS) receiver, and ideal relaying receiver (IRR). Monte-Carlo simulations are included to validate the analysis and the effect of different parameters on the system security are investigated. The results show that, the ASPS receiver outperforms PSR in terms of secrecy capacity.
In this study, we investigate the physical layer secrecy performance of RF energy harvesting (EH) networks over Rayleigh fading channels. The RF-EH system considered here consists of one power transfer station, one source, one destination, and multiple passive eavesdroppers. The source harvests energy from the power transfer station and transmits the information to the destination by using a time switching-based relaying protocol. The eavesdroppers try to extract the transmitted information without an active attack. By using the statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the exact closed-form expressions of the existence probability of the secrecy capacity and the secrecy outage probability are derived. Further, we analyze the secrecy performance of the system with respect to various system parameters, such as the location of the system elements and the number of eavesdroppers. Finally, the equivalent Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to confirm the correctness of our calculations.
In this article, we investigated the secrecy performance of a three-hop relay network system with Power Splitting (PS) and Energy Harvesting (EH). In the presence of one eavesdropper, a signal is transferred from source to destination with the help of a relay. The source signal transmits in full-duplex (FD) mood, jamming the relay transfer signals to the destination. The relay and source employ Time Switching (TS) and Energy Harvesting (EH) techniques to obtain the power from the power beacon. In this study, we compared the Secrecy Rate of two Cooperative Schemes, Amplify and Forward (AF) and Decode and Forward (DF), for both designed systems with the established EH and PS system. The Secrecy Rate was improved by 50.5% in the AF scheme and by 44.2% in the DF scheme between the relay and eavesdropper at 40 m apart for the proposed system in EH and PS. This simulation was performed using the Monto Carlo method in MATLAB.
In this paper, we proposed a generalized energy harvesting (GEH) protocol and utilized a non-linear energy harvesting (EH) model for AF Multi-Antenna Relaying Systems. In particular, the GEH protocol is a optimal EH protocol based on time switching relaying (TSR) and power splitting relaying (PSR) protocols. The whole communication process contains two phases. In phase I, the source transmits certain signal to the relay, meanwhile the destination transmits an artificial noise (AN) to interfere with the passive eavesdropper. The relay harvests energy from the two nodes. In phase II, the relay node processes the two different received signals, which are transmitted from the source and destination. Then the relay amplify-and-forward them by utilizing the harvested energy. To accurately reflect the non-linear nature of the practical EH circuit of GEH-based systems, we apply a special kind of quasi-concave function named logistic (sigmoidal) function to model the input-output characteristic. We also derive a new analytical formula for proposed generalized non-linear energy harvesting protocol on ergodic secrecy capacity. The effect of the number of relay antennas N, the source transmitted power Pthe destination transmitted power Pd on ergodic secrecy capacity are investigated. The simulation results show that as N, Ps, Pd increase, the ergodic secrecy capacity of GEH system increases accordingly. Moreover, the GEH protocol can provide higher non-linear ergodic secrecy capacity than time switching relaying (TSR) protocol and almost perform as better as power splitting relaying (PSR) protocol.
This paper investigates the physical layer secrecy performance of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (EH) relaying networks based on the combination of time switching-adaptive power splitting (TSAPS) and best relay selection (BRS) schemes. Specifically, the system consists of one source, one destination and multiple energy-constrained decode-and-forward (DF) relays which help the source transmit information to the destination, in the presence of a passive eavesdropper. In this setting, the relays harvest RF energy from the source signal to power their relaying transmission, in which power splitting ratio self-adjustment policy and best relay selection scheme are utilized. To characterize the secrecy performance, the exact closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability for random relay selection and best relay selection are derived. In addition, the comparison to random relay selection is presented to verify the efficiency in terms of secrecy outage probability of the proposed protocol. Finally, the numerical and simulation results are also provided to evaluate the impact of the key parameters on the secrecy performance and confirm the correctness of our analysis.
This paper investigates physical layer security (PLS) in a half duplex (HD) relay network with radio frequency energy harvesting (EH). We consider an amplify and forward (AF) protocol in which both the source and the relay harvest energy from a dedicated power beacon, while a passive eavesdropper attempts to intercept the confidential message. Unlike prior studies that rely on asymptotic analysis or numerical integration, we derive exact closed form expressions for the outage probability (OP) and the intercept probability (IP). The proposed expressions characterize the reliability and secrecy trade-off in energy limited cooperative relaying and enable efficient performance evaluation. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analysis and match the theoretical results. Moreover, the closed form results reveal how channel conditions and harvesting duration jointly shape outage and interception behaviors. We further quantify the impacts of normalized transmit power, the time allocation factor between harvesting and information transmission, and the EH efficiency. The results provide practical guidance for selecting system parameters to meet target reliability and secrecy levels, and they show that the time allocation factor must be carefully chosen to balance harvested energy and transmission time.