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Physical Review A

Competing interactions and quantum nonspreading wave packets

S. M. Chumakov, A. B. Klimov, C. Saavedra

Published Oct 1, 1995• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the evolution of a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field interacting with both a collection of resonant two-level atoms and a Kerr medium. Each of these interactions separately leads to a spreading of the initial field coherent states. Acting simultaneously, these two mechanisms of dispersion can cancel each other for special initial atomic states, allowing the propagation of field wave packets without spreading in the quantum phase space.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.52.3153

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We study the evolution of a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic field interacting with both a collection of resonant two-level atoms and a Kerr medium. Each of these interactions separately leads to a spreading of the initial field coherent states. Acting simultaneously, these two mechanisms of dispersion can cancel each other for special initial atomic states, allowing the propagation of field wave packets without spreading in the quantum phase space.
The formation of two-dimensional nonspreading atomic wave packets produced in the interaction of a beam of two-level atoms with two standing light waves polarised in the same plane is considered. The mechanism providing a dispersionless particle dynamics is the balance of two processes: a rapid decay of the atomic wave function away from the field nodes due to spontaneous transitions to nonresonance states and the quantum broadening of the wave packets formed in the close vicinity of field nodes. Coordinate-dependent amplitudes and phases of the two-dimensional wave packets were found for the j g =0 ↔ j e =1 transition.
This paper deals with the system of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized single-mode standing-wave cavity field, which is entangled with the centre-of-mass motion of the atom under the coexistence of the Kerr nonlinearity. We investigate the effect of the spread of the initial atomic wave function on some quantum statistical properties (such as Q distribution function, entropy and phase distribution) with or without the Kerr-like medium. Numerical computations and a discussion of the results are presented.
We study the interaction of a quantized single-mode standing-wave cavity field with a two-level atom de Broglie wave. For the sake of simplicity we consider the field to be far detuned and the atom to be moving in the Raman - Nath regime. We show that the Wigner function of the field is a superposition of the Wigner functions for the coherent states aligned on an arc in phase space. The back action of the measurement of the atomic internal state leads to the modification of the diagonal as well as of the off-diagonal elements of the field density matrix. We investigate the formation of nonclassical field states via atomic deflection and internal-state measurement and show that the coherence of the field and the interference between the constituent coherent states disappear in the limit of large interaction times. The width of the atomic momentum distribution allows us to determine the mean photon number and the width of the photon distribution. We find that, for an appropriate choice of the initial state of the atomic centre-of-mass motion, the form of the atomic momentum distribution is identical to that of the photon distribution. The field near a node or an antinode acts as a focusing or defocusing lens for atoms, depending on the detuning and on the initial internal state of the atom.
We investigate the dynamics of an arbitrary atomic system (n-level atom or many n-level atoms) interacting with a resonant quantized mode of an electromagnetic field in a lossless cavity. Initially, the field is taken in a coherent state with a large average photon number. If the initial atomic state is chosen as an eigenstate of the atomic Hamiltonian in the classical field limit (semiclassical eigenstates), then the evolution of the system wave function is approximately factorized into the field and atomic parts. Explicit analytical expressions are given for the factorized wave functions. The time evolution of an arbitrary initial atomic state can be fully described in terms of factorized states. As examples, we discuss trapping states, and collapses and revivals of the atomic energy.
Dynamics of entanglement due to intensity-dependent interaction between a two-level atom and a single-mode electromagnetic field in a Kerr medium is studied. The form of the interaction is such that the Hamiltonian evolution is exactly solvable. The Hamiltonian is shown to be a deformed Jaynes-Cummings model admitting a closed, symmetric algebra. Dynamics of population inversion and atom-field entanglement are studied taking the initial state of the field to be either a coherent state or a squeezed vacuum. Analysis is extended to the case of a two-mode cavity field interacting with a two-level atom. For the two-mode case, the initial field is a pair coherent state or a two-mode squeezed vacuum. Effects due to nonlinearity, intensity-dependent interaction and detuning on the dynamics are discussed and compared with those of the single-mode case.
Coherent scattering of a two-level atom in the field of a quantized standing wave of a micromaser is considered under conditions of initial quantum correlation between the atom and the field. Such a correlation can be produced by a broadband parametric source. The interaction leading to scattering of the atom from the nonuniform field occurs in the dispersion limit or in the wing of the absorption line of the atom. Apart from the quantized field, the atom simultaneously interacts with two classical counterpropagating waves with different frequencies, which are acting in the plane perpendicular to the atom’s propagation velocity and to the wavevector of the standing wave. Joint action of the quantized field and two classical waves induces effective two-photon and Raman resonance interaction on the working transition. The effective Hamiltonian of the interaction is derived using the unitary transformation method developed for a moving atom. A strong effect is detected, which makes it possible to distinguish the correlated initial state of the atom and the field in the scattering of atom from the state of independent systems. For all three waves, scattering is not observed when systems with quantum correlation are prepared using a high-intensity parametric source. Conversely, when the atom interacts only with the nonuniform field of the standing wave, scattering is not observed in the case of the initial factorized state.